ATP + mitcohondria

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Triphosphate

What is the structure for ATP?

• 3 phosphates

• 1 adenine nitrogenous base

• 1 ribose pentose sugar

ATP synthesis

→ the phosphorylation of an ADP molecule; can be made directly or indirectly

Types (2) of ATP synthesis

1. Substrate level phosphorylation

2. Oxidative phosphorylation

1. Substrate level phosphorylation

→ an enzyme catalyzes the reaction pi to ADP

• occurs in glycolysis & Krebs, forming ATP INDIRECTLY

2. Oxidative phosphorylation

→ a proton pump coupled to a facilitated diffusion channel catalyzes the synthesis of ATP

• occurs in the mitochondria after the electron transport chain, forming ATP INDIRECTLY

—💧hydrolysis of ATP (header)

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purpose + equation

purpose: releases energy to power many life processes

equation: ATP + H₂O → ADP + Pi + Energy

reversible reaction:

the ADP can be recharged during cellular respiration

What is energy coupling?

• when ATP loses a phosphate, it gives it to another substance

• the secondary substance is provided w/ energy to do its job (allows for life processes that are usually non-spontaneous to proceed)

—mitochondria (header)

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cristea:

the folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

label the diagram (only #’s: 3,5,7,8)

3. Cristea

5. Matrix

7. Inner membrane

8. Outer membrane