Roman Empire midterm

Claims they are poetry contest for well born youths, less offensive to Roman morality

Nero's portrayal of his games in CE 60

What Ronald some called relations between politicians in Rome

syndicate

transactional friendship between Roman elite

amicitia

753 BC

Foundation of Rome

510 BC

Rome become a Republic

451 BC

Twelve Tables

264-202 BC

Rome becomes master of the West

200-146 BC

Rome becomes master of the East

133-131 BC

Intermittent civil war

27 BC

End of Republic, beginning of principate

Somewhat representative, albeit slaveholding, patriarchal society

Description of Roman city government

1st-2nd century CE

Empire at its height

146 BC

Destruction of Carthage and Corinth, Rome becomes master of Mediterranean

Roman city government becomes applied to empire

Issue post 133 BC

Citizens who led army become incredibly wealthy, many other citizens landless and unemployed

Social problems in Rome after 133 BC

Various social reformers trie to redistribute land (Gracchi), would compensate landholders but they still resented it

Very rough lead up to civil war

212 BC

Antonine constitution

Antonine constitution

An edict issued in 212 by Caracalla declaring that all free men in the Roman Empire were to be given theoretical Roman citizenship.

44 BC

Julius Caesar was killed in

c. 155-235 CE

Cassius Dio years

new things, evoke

novae res are

men whose ancestors had held the constitution

nobilitas

Historians who wrote history by year

Annalists

Greek

Early Roman annalists wrote in

Quintus Fabius Pictor

Roman senator who went to Delphi in 216 BC and became model for later historians

They are more secure of themselves, e.g. Marcus Porches Cato

Roman historians write in Latin when

c. 200-118 BC, Greek who was brought to Rome as prisoner of war, tried to explain in his work why Romans were so successful

Polybius of Megalopolis

Gaius Sallustius Crispus

De coniuratione Catilinae and the Jugurthine wars

Works only good for earlier period, later works lost

Titus Livius

Eutropius

author of a short handbook of Roman history

Justinian (529 CE)

Roman law not codified after twelve tables until

His aspirations to be king, to be a god, for being dictator perpetuus, remaining seated before the senate, appointed consuls for short time, getting rid of tribunes for removing statues from him, manipulating elections, having child with Cleopatra, putting own statue in Quirinus, had entourage like Eastern monarch

What was Caesar opposed for?

Senators act like they are asking him a question, then stab him

Rough description of Caesar's assassination

Dionysius of Halicarnassus

Contemporary of Livy, wrote Roman antiquities in twenty books

Appian of Alexandra

Wrote Roman history arranged geographically in twenty four books

Always intersect

In Rome religion and politics

17 years, 44 BC-27 BC

How long did it take Augustus to acquire power

Elite, promoted by him, his peers

What kind of men were the ones who stabbed Caesar

Occurs in Pompey's theatre, sacred place

Why is assassination of Caesar impious

Social war, afterwards allies gain citizenship

91-89 CE

Sulla, dictator, restores senatorial rule

81-79 CE

Pompey defeated Mithridates and reorganizes east

64 CE

Caitlin conspiracy

63 BC

Consulate of Caesar, first Triumvirate

59 BC

54 BC

Julia daughter of Julius Caesar dies in

53 BC

Crassus killed by Parthians in

Senate outlaws Caesar and Caesar crosses Rubicon

In 49 BC

Caesar defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and goes to Egypt

In 48 BC

46 CE in Thaspus in North Africa and in 45 BC at Munda in Spain

When and where does Caesar defeat Pompeians

45 BC

When does Caesar become dictator perpetuus

Most sectors of society loved him, except the elite

Caesar's relationship to most Romans

Put on spectacles, conquered Gaul

Some of reasons why working class loved Caesar

He was actually voted honors as a god

When Julius Caesar was alive

favor done or debt owed

gratia

Enobled their families despite them not doing anything

Why was Caesar appointed people as consuls for short time bad

Pileus, freedmen's cap

A commemorative coin produced by Caesar's conspirators included

Gaius Octavius, Mark Antony, Quintus Pedius, and Caesarion

Who were Caesar's heirs

killing Caesar's allies, e.g. Mark Antony

One of conspirators main mistakes is not

Laws were voted in comitia under magistrate, a citizen had to be present, could only vote yes or no

Republican sources of laws

Senates consultum, technically not a law but came to have binding force

SC

Superseded normal laws, employed some dozen times

senates consultum ultinum

All free citizens did not participate, representatives elected

How was Roman Republic different from Athenian democracy

Nerva

Last known comitia under

financial matters

quaestor duties

municipal duties

aedile duties

municipal administration

tribunes duties

Judicial affairs

Praetor duties

20, 25; 20,25; 20, 25; 12, 30; 2, 42

Quaetor number and age; Aedile number sand age; Tribune number and age, Praetor number and age Consul number and age

Nominal head of state, conferred nobility

Consul duties

Quaestor, aedile, praetor, consul

Cursus Honorum order

Untranslatable word, refers to right to command in war, right administer laws, right inflict death penalty, subject to appeal

imperium

Originally to tribune of the people, later to emperor

Who could Roman people appeal imperium to

Sulla

Cursus honorum oringally started by

For a year

Roman magistracies all held

only in certain provinces

For proconsuls and proprietors imperium was valid

Could veto each other, requiring consultation

Consuls' power towards each other

Originally an acclamation by troops given to commanding general

Origins of term Imperator

A position in republic that was elected every five years to revise citizenship and senate, usually senior ex-consuls, emperors take over position

Censor

Temporary office above all magistrates, not subject to veto, appointed in crisis or to hold emergency elections

Dictator

1,000,000 sesterces, 400,000 sesterces

Senator qualification, Eques qualification

1/4

1 as is how many sesterces

3 sestertii

1 denarius is how many sestertii

to Protect common people

Tribunate originally elected in order

Plebeians resented Patricians for lack of office, left city of Rome, refused to fight in. army, patricians did not want to give plebeians own magistracies, gave them tribune

Origins of tribune of the people

Sacrosanct, could initiate legislation, could veto legislation

Powers of tribunes

Comita Curate, comita tributa, comita centuriata, Plebeian tribal assembly

Four types of voting assemblies

Consuls at first, later just ratifies

Comita curata elects

Quaestors, aediles

Comita tributa elects

Censors, Praetors, Consuls

Comita centurata elects

Plebeian aediles and popular tribunes

Popular tribal assembly elects

Rural tribes given more and more weight as more people assigned to urban tribes

What happens to tribal system as time goes on

Wealthy

Who voted first in tribal assemblies

Aediles and tribunes

Plebeian assemblies have own

Tribunes can veto consuls' work

Tribunes and consuls

He is spared, receives command of Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul, Cicero delivers Philippics

What happens to Antony in $$ BC

Riling speech at Caesar's funeral

First sign of Antony's ambition

Antony sent to Mutina, Hirtius and Panda killed, Octavian gains power and made consul, second triumvirate forms

What happens in 43 BC

Octavian adopted, Lex pedia revokes amnesty for conspirators and un outlaws Antony and Lepidus, launch many proscriptions

Actions of triumvirate in 43 BC

Divide control over Empire

How does triumvirate share power