Chapter 2 - Plant Cell Composition

Building Blocks

lipids, carbs, fats, proteins

Dehydration synthesis

Links monomers to polymers

Hydrolyssi

water is taken up and molecules separate

Carbohydrates

source of energy

Carb Functions

immediate energy, storage, structural

Proteins

composed of amino acids

What joins amino acids

peptide bonds

Amino Acids

amino group(carboxyl), H group, R group

Protein Functions

enzymes

Lipids

glycerol, fatty acid chains

Lipid Function

long term energy, storage, stabilze membranes

Saturated Fats

hydrogen chains connected by single bonds

Unsaturated Fats

have one or more double bonds

Nucleic Acids

building blocks of DNA, RNA, and ATP

Nucleic Acid Function

energy storage (ATP)

Primary Metabolites

carbs, fats, proteins, and lipids. necessary for plant process

Secondary Metabolites

Alkaloids, Terpenes, Phenols. Act as chemical signals

Alkaoids

nitrogenous alkaline compunds, bitter tasting

Alkaoids Example

morphine, caffeine, nicotine

Terpenes

isoprene helps stablize plant tissue in heat, plant defensive compunds, most diverse

Terpenes Example

essentail oils, rubber, milkweed

Phenols

OH group attached to aromatic ring, accumulate in plant parts

Phenols Example

aspirin