TH2107: Tourism and Hospitality Concepts - Flashcards

A set of 75 QUESTION_AND_ANSWER flashcards covering key tourism and hospitality concepts from the lecture notes.

What is the definition of tourism according to the Department of Tourism (DOT)?

Tourism is a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence, with pleasure as the usual motivation.

What is the UNWTO definition of tourism?

Activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

What is the Demand-sided Focus definition of tourism?

Tourism is the behavior of tourists and what they need and seek.

What is the Supply-sided Focus definition of tourism?

Tourism describes the product offered to tourists and what the tourists experience.

Who is a Visitor in tourism terms?

A traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment for less than a year for any main purpose other than employment in the visited country.

Who is a Tourist?

A visitor whose trip includes an overnight stay in the country or place visited.

What is an Excursionist?

A person who does not spend even a night in accommodation at the place of visit; also known as a same-day tourist.

What makes up a Tourism Product?

Tangibles and intangibles of a trip, including what one does en route and while staying, such as attractions, tours, services, shopping, restaurants, accommodations, and other activities.

What does Travel refer to in tourism terms?

The movement of people or objects from one place to another.

What is a Trip?

Travel by a person from departure from the usual residence until return, consisting of visits to different places.

What is Hospitality in tourism?

An act of providing food, beverages, and lodging to travelers; derived from the Latin hospes, referring to both host and guest.

What is Hospitality Management?

Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling human and material resources within lodging, restaurant, travel and tourism, institutional and recreational management, and meeting/convention planning.

What is the Front of the House?

Departments or personnel with direct contact with guests, such as front office, food and beverage, sales and marketing, and concierge.

What is the Back of the House?

Departments or personnel performing behind the scenes, such as housekeeping, finance, engineering, and human resources.

What does Accommodation mean in tourism scope?

A sector providing a wide range of lodging types to suit visitors, from luxury hotels to budget options.

What is Food and Beverage Service?

The process of preparing, presenting, and serving food and beverages to customers across various establishments.

What is Tourism in the context of Domestic Tourism?

Travel by residents within their own country.

What is Inbound Tourism?

Non-residents traveling to a given country.

What is Outbound Tourism?

Residents of a country traveling to another country.

What is International Tourism?

Tourism that includes both inbound and outbound travel; refers to arrivals and departures in a country.

What is Intangibility in tourism products?

Tourism products cannot be directly seen, tasted, felt, or heard before purchase; experiences are the key aspect.

What is Inseparability in tourism products?

Tourism products are primarily services that cannot be separated from the provider and exist at the time of consumption.

What is Perishability in tourism products?

Products or services cannot be stored for sale later; last-minute sales help minimize losses.

What is Variability in tourism services?

Services are performed by humans and can vary with producers, time, and circumstances, though technology helps reduce variation.

What does Absence of Ownership mean in tourism products?

Purchasing a hotel stay or airline ticket grants rights to use a service, but ownership of the product remains with the provider.

What does Manufactured by Many Producers mean?

A tourism product is created by multiple specialized producers and cannot be provided by a single enterprise alone.

What are Travel Motivators?

Motives behind movement of tourists, including leisure, business, pilgrimage, or combinations of internal and external forces.

What are Interpersonal Motivators (McIntosh)?

Desire to meet new people, visit relatives, make friends, or escape daily hassles.

What are Cultural Motivators (McIntosh)?

Curiosity about different cultures, traditions, lifestyles, art, and music.

What are Status and Prestige Motivators (McIntosh)?

Desire for fame, status, self-esteem, personal development, or travel for business/professional interests.

What are Push Factors (John L. Crompton)?

Internal reasons that initiate travel, such as exploration, relaxation, escape, health, novelty, education, and prestige.

What are Push Factors examples?

Examples include exploration of self, escape, relaxation, health, visiting family, novelty, education, and prestige.

What are Pull Factors?

Attractions that draw individuals toward a destination, such as facilities, core attractions, and landscape features.

What is Facilities Factor (Pull)?

Tourism facilities like food/beverage establishments, accommodations, roads, and security.

What is Core Attractions Factor (Pull)?

Activities and services available for tourism, including sports, nightlife, festivals, entertainment, and shopping.

What are Landscape Features Factors (Pull)?

Geographical features such as beaches, forests, rivers, and mountains.

What is Seasonality in tourism?

Predictable year-round changes in a business or economy based on the seasons, with peak and off seasons.

What is Time as a travel motivator?

More leisure time increases travel opportunities; changes in work or school calendars affect travel.

What is Money as a travel motivator?

Discretionary income available after basic obligations; higher income enables more travel.

What is Mobility in tourism motivators?

Access to transportation and the ability to reach a destination.

What is Motivation in travel?

The underlying reasons or needs driving people to travel.

What is Travel Motivation in the notes?

A framework describing reasons why people travel, including internal desires and destination appeal.

What is Tourism's Economic Importance (Overview)?

Tourism contributes to economic progress, foreign exchange, and employment through visitor spending.

What is a Tourism Product's variability addressed by technology (CSR and GDS)?

Computerized Reservation System (CSR) and Global Distribution System (GDS) help standardize pricing and reduce errors.

What are the four main sectors in the Tourism Industry?

Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service, Attractions, Transportation (plus Travel Trade and MICE in some classifications).

What is the role of Government in tourism planning?

Plan and facilitate tourism through policies, safety regulations, and strategies for growth.

What is the role of Government in tourism control and supervision?

Monitor and regulate to maintain order, quality standards, and match supply with demand.

What is the Government’s ownership role in tourism components?

Direct ownership of select parks, airlines, hotels, and other assets to facilitate development.

What is the Government’s marketing role in tourism?

Promote tourism to home and overseas markets via maps, information centers, advertising, and promotions.

What is a Local Tourism Organization (LTO) like the Department of Tourism (DOT) role?

DOT is the primary planning, programming, coordinating, implementing, and regulatory agency for tourism.

What is the National Parks Development Committee (NPDC) role?

Provides well-developed parks and promotes national identity and heritage through partnerships.

What is the Intramuros Administration (IA) role?

Oversees restoration and development of Intramuros as a monument to Philippine history.

What is the Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving (PCSSD) role?

Provides basic dive rules, regulates scuba and diving safety in coordination with the Office of Tourism Standards and Regulations.

What is the Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA) role?

Promotes the Philippines as a retirement haven to attract retirees and support foreign exchange.

What is the Nayong Pilipino Foundation’s purpose?

Promotes research and development in social sciences and supports social welfare programs.

What is the Duty Free Philippines Corporation (DFPC) role?

Operates duty- and tax-free stores at international airports, seaports, hotels, and resorts.

What is the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA) role?

Implements DOT policies on development, promotion, and supervision of tourism projects, builds infrastructure, and designates TEZs.

What is ASEAN?

A regional organization of 10 Southeast Asian countries promoting cultural, economic, and political development and regional cooperation.

What is the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)?

A regional economic forum established to promote trade, investment, and economic integration in the Asia-Pacific.

What is the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)?

A membership organization that works to conserve nature and ensure sustainable use of resources.

What is the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)?

The UN agency promoting responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism globally.

What is UNESCO?

An international organization aiming to build peace through international cooperation, including World Heritage and sustainable tourism.

What is the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)?

A global body uniting major travel and tourism players to advocate for the sector and sustainable growth.

What is the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA)?

The world's largest cruise industry trade association promoting a secure and sustainable cruise environment.

What is the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA)?

A not-for-profit association supporting responsible travel and tourism development in the Asia-Pacific region.

What are Direct Providers in the Tourism Network?

Businesses that sell and deliver services directly to travelers, such as airlines, hotels, restaurants, and travel agencies.

What are Support Services in the Tourism Network?

Providers that support direct providers, like tour organizers, travel publications, hotel management firms, and logistics.

What are Developmental Organizations in the Tourism Network?

Entities that develop tourism through laws, planning, financing, and training.

What is Tourism Demand in the Tourism Network context?

The number of people planning to purchase tourism products, influenced by determinants and purchasing power.

What are the Determinants of Tourism Demand?

Economic factors, prices, demographics, geography, socio-cultural attitudes, mobility, regulatory bodies, media, ICT, and supply capacity.

What is Travel Motivation in the Tourism System?

The inner state of needs and wants that drives tourist behavior.

What are Hospitality Resources?

The general sense of welcome and warmth experienced by visitors, including staff attitude and local hospitality.

What are Bridging Components in the Tourism System?

Intermediaries and facilitators that connect tourists with suppliers, such as tour operators and marketing channels.

What is Tourism System?

A framework showing the interaction between tourism demand, bridging components, and tourism supply at a destination.

What is Tourism Supply in the Tourism System?

All assets, services, and goods enjoyed or purchased by tourists at a destination.

What are Natural Resources in Tourism Supply?

Natural scenery, climate, landforms, flora, fauna, water bodies, and other environment-based attractions.

What is Infrastructure in Tourism Supply?

Underground and surface developments like water, electricity, roads, bridges, and transport facilities.

What is Superstructure in Tourism Supply?

Above-ground facilities where business activities occur, such as airports, hotels, malls, and museums.

What is Transportation and Transportation Equipment in Tourism Supply?

Vehicles and facilities for moving people and goods, such as ships, planes, trains, roads, and related equipment.

What is a Tourism Supply Chain (TSC)?

A network of tourism organizations involved in supplying components and distributing the final tourism product.

What is the Service Flow in the Tourism Supply Chain?

The flow from first-tier suppliers to intermediaries, who assemble and sell packages to customers.

Why is customer feedback important in the Tourism Supply Chain?

To improve products and services and reduce income loss through better service.

What are Direct Providers in the Tourism System?

Direct providers are the entities that sell to travelers directly, such as airlines, hotels, and travel agencies.

What are the Bridging Components in the Tourism System?

Transport infrastructure and marketing intermediaries that connect supply with demand.

What is the role of the Tourism System’s bridging components in demand and supply interaction?

They enable flow of information, money, and products between demand and supply, forming the link in transactions.

What is the concept of a destination’s tourism supply in the TSC?

The destination’s attractions, services, and infrastructure that attract and serve tourists.

What is the meaning of a tourism product being ‘manufactured by many producers’?

A tourism product is composed of multiple specialized components produced by different firms and sectors.