COGSCI 1 Lecture 4: Brain Mapping

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain + Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Sensory & Motor neurons connecting the CNS to the body

Sympathetic Nervous System

Division of autonomic nervous system

Controls arousal & energy expenditure functions

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Controls functions during relaxed state

Cerebral Cortex

Information storage, memory;

distinguishes humans from other animals

Frontal Lobe

Involved in Speaking, Muscle movements, Plans, Judgements, and Emotional Control

Parietal Lobe

processes sensory input from the body(touch, pain, temperature)

Occipital Lobe

Visual information from the opposite visual field;

includes the primary visual cortex

Temporal Lobe

Processes auditory information; includes primary auditory cortex

Aphasia

difficulty in producing or comprehending speech, caused by brain damage

Broca’s Aphasia (Expressive)

Meaningful speach but labored and ungramatical

Wernicke’s Aphasia (Fluent)

Grammatical speech, but meaningless and low comprehension

Corpus Callosum

Interconnects corresponding regions of the association cortex on each side of the brain

Left Cerebral Hemisphere

More analytical: Information analysis, event recognition, langauge, math & science

Right Cerebral Hemisphere

More expressive and Creative: Synthesis of Information, Pattern Recognition, Perception, Emotional expression, Arts/Music

Limbic system

Associatied with emotions and memory; donut shaped

Amygdala

Linked to emotion (fear and aggression specifically)

Hippocampus

Important in memory

Basal Ganglia

Function: Control of movements

Nucleus Accumbens

Reward Center; Releases Dopamine

Thalamus

Directs incoming and outgoing information

Hypothalamus

Survival Behavior (Four Fs: Fight, Feed, Flee, Fornication); beneath the thalamus

Brain Stem

Responsible for automatic survival functions

Reticular Formation

Involved in Sleep, Arousal, Attention, Vital Reflexes;

Central part of the brain stem

Pons

Part of Reticular Formation;

Important in sleep, arousal, sensory analysis, and movement