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White Matter
The part of the central nervous system made up of myelinated axon bundles that carry information between regions of the brain.
Axon
A long projection from a neuron that transmits impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
Tracks in the CNS
Bundles of myelinated axons that carry similar information within the central nervous system.
Association Tracts
Tracts that link nearby cortical areas, facilitating communication between primary and association areas.
Commissural Tracts
Tracts that connect the two hemispheres of the brain, mainly via the corpus callosum.
Projection Tracts
Tracts that project information from the brain to other areas of the central nervous system.
Cerebral Cortex
The outermost layer of the brain composed of gray matter where many neural processes occur.
Stellate Cells
Star-shaped neurons in the cerebral cortex that communicate through chemical signaling and have short axons.
Pyramidal Cells
Neurons with a pyramid-shaped structure that have longer axons and are primarily located in layers 2, 3, 5, and 6 of the cerebral cortex.
Gray Matter
Regions of the brain containing neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.
Basal Nuclei
A group of gray matter structures in the cerebral hemispheres, involved in motor control.
Limbic System
A complex system of nerves and networks that manage emotions and memory.
Hippocampus
A structure in the limbic system associated with memory formation.
Amygdala
A brain structure involved in emotion regulation and memory.
Anterograde Amnesia
A memory deficit that affects the ability to create new memories after a brain injury.
Retrograde Amnesia
A memory deficit characterized by the inability to recall events prior to a specific injury.
EEG (Electroencephalogram)
A test that records the electrical activity of the brain and can indicate different states of brain activity.
REM Sleep
Rapid Eye Movement sleep, a phase of sleep characterized by eye movements and increased brain activity, often associated with dreaming.
Cognition
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Contralateral Neglect Syndrome
A condition where a person neglects one side of their body following a lesion in a specific part of the brain.
Agnosia
An inability to recognize objects or interpret sensations despite intact sensory function.
Prosopagnosia
A specific type of agnosia where one cannot recognize faces.
Frontal Lobe
The area of the brain responsible for personality, behavior, and decision-making.
Corpus Callosum
The large bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
