AP human geography unit 5 vocab test #1 (copy)

Climate

the long term weather patterns in a region

Subsistence agriculture

to grow enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and his or her family.

Commercial agriculture

to grow enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit

Intensive agriculture

farmers or ranchers use large amounts of inputs, such as energy fertilizers, labor, or machines, to maximum yields.

Extensive agriculture

practices uses fewer amounts of inputs and typically results in less yields

Pastoral nomadism

this type of subsistent extensive agriculture is practiced in arid and semi-arid climates throughout the world

Shifting cultivation

this type of subsistent extensive farming, farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two.

involves using new fields

Plantation

a large commercial farm that specializes in one crop

tropical/sub-tropical latin america sub-saharan africa, south and southeast asia

Mixed crop and livestock farming

livestock ranching is the commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area.

cold and warm mid latitude

midwest us and canada europe

Market gardening 

warm mid latitude

southeast us and australia

The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers

Dairy farming

cold and warm mid latitude northeast us and southeast canada northwest europe

An agricultural activity involving the raising of livestock, most commonly cows and goats, for dairy products such as milk, cheese, and butter.

Milk shed Mediterranean Agriculture

warm mid latitude

southern coast of europe northern coast of africa pacific coast of the US

Transhumance

the seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to low elevations and valleys in the winter

Clustered settlements

had groups of homes located near each other in a village and fostered a strong sense of place and often

Dispersed settlements

patterns in which farmers lived in homes spread out on the countryside

Linear settlement

in which buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water or along a transportation route

Metes and bounds

used for short distances and often referred to features of specific points

covered larger areas and were based on large features such as streams or roads

Public Land Survey System (township and range system)

created rectangular plots of consistent size

French long-lot system

farms were long thin sections of land that ran perpendicular to a river

First Agricultural Revolution

the origin of farming

Animal domestication

hunters in the central asia were first to do this they did this with dogs and horses

Plant domestication

began after animal domestication

people first used

Fertile crescent

the first major hearth of agriculture is ____ and is in southwest asia

Columbian Exchange

was the global movements of plants and animals between afro-eurasia and the americas

Second Agricultural Revolution

began in the 1700s used the advantages of the industrial revolutions increases food supplies and support population growth.

Crop rotation

the technique of planting different crops in specific sequence on the same plot of land in order to restore nutrients back into the soil.

Irrigation

is the process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using canals pipes sprinkler systems or other human-made devices rather than rely on rainfall

Third Agricultural Revolution

in the mid 20th century this was born out of science research and technology and it continues today. this revolution expanded mechanization of farming and developed new global agricultural systems and used scientific and information technologies to further pervious advances in agricultural production

Green Revolution

the advances in plant biology of mid-20th century are known as this

Genetically modified organisms (GMO)

a process of which humans use engineering techniques to change DNA of a seed!