lymphatic system

What four structures comprise the lymphatic system?

Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs and lymphoid tissue.

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

Return fluid to the bloodstream, absorbs fat and fat soluble vitamins from the intestines, and defends the body against disease.

A clear fluid that resembles plasma is known as _____.

Lymph.

Lymph is made up of what four components?

Water, electrolytes, waste products and proteins.

Approximately _____ liters of lymph filter through from the interstitium each day.

20.

True or False: Lymph is returned to the venous blood.

True.

If the lymphatic system did not return fluid to the blood stream, _____ would result.

Edema.

The thoracic duct is dumped into the (right/left) subclavian.

Left.

True or False: the distribution of lymphatic vessels is similar to that of the arteries.

False.

Lymphatic _____ contain pores and valves.

Capillaries.

Lymphatic capillaries drain into larger vessels that eventually drain into the venous system at the junction of the _____ and the _____ on either side.

Subclavian vein / internal jugular vein.

The _____ duct drains ¾ of the body's lymph.

Left.

The majority of the body's lymph is drained from the _____ side.

Left.

The remaining lymph is drained from the ______ of the body.

Right upper quadrant.

What three mechanisms contribute to the movement of lymph through the body?

Contraction of skeletal muscles, changes in intrathoracic pressure, contraction/relaxation of the smooth muscle in the walls of lymphatic vessels.

Multiple _____ are present in the lymph vessels to prevent the backflow of lymph fluid.

Valves.

True or False: once the fluid from the right side of the body is dumped into the right subclavian vein, it is no longer lymph fluid, it is blood.

True.

True or False: swollen, tender lymph nodes mean that the lymph is active.

True.

Swollen lymph nodes that present with no tenderness upon palpation may indicate what pathology is present?

Cancer.

Small pea shaped patches of lymphatic tissue which filter lymph as it flows through the vessels are called ______.

Lymph Nodes.

Lymph nodes appear in clusters in which three regions of the body?

Cervical, axillary and inguinal.

Lymph nodes consist of lymph _______ and lymph ______.

nodules/sinuses.

_____ vessels carry lymph toward the lymph node.

Afferent.

_____ vessels carry lymph away from the lymph node.

Efferent.

True or False: lymph nodes range in size from the head of a pin to a bean.

True.

Lymph nodes are encapsulated with fibers inside that contain clusters of ______ which act as a filter.

Lymphocytes.

These cells inside a lymph node eat the bad stuff filtering through the lymph node.

Macrophages.

The _____ gland is located in the upper mediastinum.

Thymus.

The thymus gland is involved in the development of the ________ before birth and shortly after birth.

Immune system.

The thymus secretes _____ that promote the proliferation and maturation of T-cells in lymphoid tissue.

Thymosins (hormones).

The ______ is responsible for the development and maturation of the immune system.

Thymus Gland.

This is the largest of the lymphoid organs.

Spleen.

The function of the spleen is to filter and clean the _____.

Blood.

Which two tissue types make up the spleen?

White and red pulp.

Lymphoid tissue surrounding the blood vessels is called ______.

White pulp.

Blood -filled venous sinuses that also contain lymphocytes and macrophages are called _____.

Red Pulp.

Besides filtering and cleaning the blood, list four other functions for which the spleen is responsible.

Blood storage, destroys old RBCs, erythropoiesis before birth, lymphocyte production.

Lymphoid tissue reaches peak development at _____.

Puberty.

True or False: The lymphoid tissue gradually increases in size once you hit puberty.

False.

True or False: The thymus gland involutes (shrinks) with age.

True.

As you age, Thymus gland tissue is replaced with _____ tissue.

Connective.

As you age thymosins decrease in production resulting in (increased/decreased) defense mechanisms with age.

Decreased.

The lymphatic nodule of the spleen would be located in which tissue type?

White pulp.

True or False: by the end of the lymphatic cycle, lymph fluid has been cleaned several times.

True.

True or False: Lymphatic capillaries have more and larger pores than regular capillaries.

True.

True or False: lymphatics start blindly at the tissue space.

True.