Big Five & HEXACO Personality Traits: Definitions and Cross-Cultural Insights

What are the characteristics of low Extraversion?

Reserved, quiet, introverted; can be shy but not necessarily.

What are the characteristics of high Extraversion?

Sociable, energetic, assertive, outgoing, talkative.

What traits are associated with low Agreeableness?

Ill-tempered, stubborn, suspicious, hostile.

What traits are associated with high Agreeableness?

Patient, tolerant, peaceful, gentle, forgiving.

What are the characteristics of low Neuroticism?

Independent, self-assured, even-tempered.

What are the characteristics of high Neuroticism?

Emotional, fearful, anxious, vulnerable.

What correlation exists between high Extraversion and music types?

High Extraversion is correlated with energetic and rhythmic music.

What correlation exists between high Openness and personality traits?

High Openness is correlated with being reflective and complex, as well as intense and rebellious.

What is the 'Fifth Factor Problem' in personality models?

Openness is sometimes referred to differently across cultures, leading to debates on its classification.

What evidence supports the Five-Factor Model's replicability?

The FFM is highly replicable across multiple cultures, though some researchers argue for additional factors.

What is the HEXACO model's sixth factor?

Honesty-Humility, which includes traits like sincerity, fairness, and unselfishness.

How does the HEXACO model redefine Neuroticism?

It renames Neuroticism as Emotionality, a less harsh term.

What are the three traits associated with altruism in the HEXACO model?

Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness.

What is kin altruism?

The tendency to form attachments and invest effort in helping close relatives.

What is reciprocal altruism?

The willingness to help others and avoid imposing costs, even on strangers.

How do low Honesty-Humility and low Extraversion interact?

They can lead to greed without fear or pity.

What are the four related aspects of psychopathy?

Manipulative style, erratic lifestyle, callous insensitivity, and chronic criminal behavior.

What does high Agreeableness combined with low Honesty-Humility indicate?

Inoffensive but insincere behavior.

How does high Emotionality affect stress responses in women?

Women tend to engage in 'tend and befriend' rather than fight or flight.

What is the significance of cultural differences in personality traits?

Different cultural contexts can lead to variations in how traits are perceived and categorized.