1302 ACC US History test 1

1. Know the difference between Executive and Congressional reconstruction.

-Executive reconstruction is the presidential reconstruction, meaning Lincoln's ten percent act, black code, and Johnson's attempts at reconstruction(softer reconstruction.)

-Congressional reconstruction is the radical reconstruction from republicans, meaning black male suffrage, freemans bureau, military districts, 14th and 15th amendments, (more aggressive and take on reconstruction)

2. Know Lincoln’s view on reconstruction.

Lincoln's view on reconstruction was to seamlessly reunify the nations as quickly and painlessly as possible. He was never able to fully finish his plans due to his assasination.

3. Know what were the requirements ex-confederate states needed to complete to be readmitted into the Union under Lincoln’s plan.

The ex-confederate states needed at least ten percent of their population to take an oath to support the union. They also needed to form a new state government, and obviously abolish all slavery.

4. Who were the Radical Republicans and their political agenda?

The radical republicans were abolitionists/part of the republican party. They were the most predominant/ uncompromising anti-slavery wing. They pushed hard for slavery to end and for everyone to be equal.

5. What was the main purpose of the Wade-Davis bill?

The main purpose was to change the 10 percent of population in Lincoln's plan to half of the population take the oath. It guaranteed equality to freemen.

6. Know the 14th amendment and how congress planned to enforce it.

Granting people the right to American citizenship,no matter what their ethnic differences. Congress planned to enforce it using the reconstruction act and the military enforcement.

7. Know the 15th amendment.

Equality in voting, no discrimination including race, color, or servitude(slavery) but left out sex

8. Know the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867.

Divided ten states into 5 military districts run by the union general.

9. What were the states responsibilities before they could be readmitted to Congress?

They needed new constitutions and had to have black suffrage, they also needed to new state legislature

10. Describe how the Klu Klux Klan got started. How did they intend to restore White Supremacy?

The KKK started by confederate veterans, it was a secret fraternity that's main goal was self preservation, restoring white supremacy using fear and propaganda. They disliked blacks very much and did not believe they deserved rights.they tried to restore white supremacy by having wars against free labor, civil liberties and democracy targeting black schools, churches and republicans.

11. Who are the Redeemers? What was their political agenda?

Redeemers are men who try to modernize the south after reconstruction. They wanted to maintain white supremacy.

12. What was the compromise of 1877? How did it benefit the South?

The compromise was a deal set between Tilden and Hayes election. The deal was if the Democrats removed filibusters that stopped the votes going in favor of Hayes they would in return withdraw all the federal troops from the south, ending reconstruction.

13. What was the purpose of decimating the buffalo herds in the west? Who was responsible for the mass killings?

The main reason Americans killed the bison in the west was because it was native americans main source of resources so killing them off would force them into reserves and rely on the US. Both the US and the NA were responsible for mass killings of men(mainly US).

15. What was the Dawes Allotment Act? How did it impact Native American culture?

The act was to give Indians farm land, each family receiving 160 acres of land. But this caused native americans to lose land, 90mil acres were distributed and the US owned 97.5% of it.

16. How and why did the US government policy towards Native Americans change after 1870? What three main areas the government focused on?

The policy changes because of westward expansion and military conflict with NA. they used education/boarding schools for NA children, Land policies/dawes severity act, and federal law.

17. What were the main reasons settlers were migrating west after 1848?

Because of the gold rush and the large opportunity for money. Many immigrants also started migrating west.

18. Describe the lifestyle of plains Indians.

They were nomadic indians that depended on horses and buffaloes.

19. What was the primary intent of Government sponsored Indian schools?

To spread the english language and try to rid of the indian language.Trying to purify the indians to become more modernized/white.

20. Describe life on modern reservations (online readings). What challenges do they face?

Many modern reservations go through struggles like suicide with youth. They go through high poverty rates because there are no jobs in the area.

21. Know the Comstock Lode and its significance.

The discovery of silver ore and how it brought many immigrants to Nevada.

22. What was the Homestead Act of 1862? What did it promise settlers and why did it fail?

It gave 48 mil acres of landpromised160 acres free to citizens but failed because people abandoned the land.

23. Define the Gilded Age? What were its characteristics?

It was the period of time after reconstruction, rapid industrialization, economic growth, rise of big business and monopiles, urbanization and immigration

24. Discuss factors that led to party loyalty in the 19th century.

The spoils system, religious identity, civil war loyalties.

25. Know and understand the business practices of the Gilded Age including vertical integration and trusts.

vertical integration was when they used raw materials , trust is centralized control monopoly/capitalism

26. Know which “Big Business” came to dominate American life in the second half of the 19th century”

The transcontinental railroad helped bring many immigrants to the US, employing many citizens.

27. Know the inventions of the Gilded Age that helped push the agenda of corporations and capitalism. How are inventions and corporations tied together?

The besserman process made steel production faster, cheaper and easier. Railroads also helped the gilded age, as well as telephone, power, and many other machines. They tied together with monopolies.

28. Know the difference between the “Stalwarts” and “Half Breeds”.

29. Know what factors led to the assassination of James Garfield and how it led to Civil Service reform.

The spoils system, the president before him and other things led to his assasination.

30. Know the Pendleton Act of 1883 and how it protected Civil service jobs.

It established merit when it came to government positions, also established the civil service commission and made it impossible to remove people for political reasons. It protected civil service jobs by not allowing political views to effect it

31. Know the Civil Service Commission and its priorities.

Was created by the pendleton act, was used to oversee the new merit based federal employment system. It prioritized merit based hiring, political neutrality

32. Know what industries were pushing migration westward.

The railroad, gold, sliver, agriculture and oil industries pushed migration westward

33. Know the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Why was it so ineffective?

First federal regulatory agency but was very weak and did little. The main idea was to harness big businesses but not harm. Did not last because of the weak enforcement and

34. What factors were contributing to the booming urban growth in America after 1870?

Industrialization and new availability of jobs brought many to America in the 1870s.

35. Know the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890.

Was backed by farmers who tired to increase the purchase of silver and they tried to increase money supply and create inflation

36. Know the Anti -Sherman Act.

Ended the excessive purchase of silver every month.This caused the panic of 1893 and the new president blamed Sherman silver act for the panic and repealed it which divided the country even more.

37. Understand Social Darwinism and recent Immigration to America. How were these recent immigrants perceived?

Was the belief of survival of the fittest( used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics, and social inequality) industrialization brought lots of immigration but they were mistreated because they looked different from the average American.

38. Know Jacob Riis’s agenda when he wrote “How the other half lives”.

His agenda was to show the higher classes what they were putting the immigrants and colored through in the ghettos

39. Understand the concept of “Family economy”. How did it help/hurt middle class families?

It started that everyone had to pitch into the wellbeing of the household. This helped many families causing child labor causing more income to the families. But child labor was not good.

40. Who was Samuel Gompers? What was he fighting for when it came to the working class?

Gomper became one of the largest and most influential labor federations in the world. He worked for higher pay and better working conditions.

41. Know what the Public -School system offered in the late 19th Century.

They offered free tuition and open access to all school aged children.