chemistry unit 2

how do ionic bonds form

metal gives electron, nonmetal takes it

what elements form ionic bonds

metal and nonmetal

low electronegativity

metal

high electronegativity

nonmetal

what kind of charges don’t bond

same charges

do metal + nonmetal form ionic bonds

yes

what is a formula unit

smallest ratio of ions

what is a crystal

regular pattern of atoms

lattice energy

bond strength between ions

polyatomic ion

when multiple ions act as one

higher ion charge

lower lattice energy

what does lattice energy estimates

bond strength

melting point of ionic compound

higher than molecular

when can ionic compounds conduct

in solution or molten

ionic compounds are

hard

ionic compounds have what type of solubility

varying

anion

negative ion

cation

positive ion

what do ionically bonded compounds form?

crystals

crystals

particles arranged in a repeating pattern

polyatomic ion

multiple atoms acting as a single unit

lattice energy

energy released when gas ions combine to form crystals

smaller ions have a

higher attraction

covalent bonds

two non metals sharing valence electrons

sigma bond

overlap of orbital electrons

bonding electron

electron that is shared between two atoms in a covalent bond

non bonding electron

electrons not shared between atoms

single bond

single line

octet rule

eight electrons are needed for a stable atom

double bond

four electrons are shared between two atoms

pi orbital

two (p) orbitals overlapping

pi bond

covalent bond formed by overlapping pi orbitals

polar bond

electrons shared unequally between atoms

nonpolar bond

electrons shared equally between atoms

triple bonds

combination of pi and sigma bonds that has three pairs of electrons

synthesis

A+B=AB

decomposition

AB=A+B

combustion

A+O₂ = oxide of A

single replacement

AB+C=AC+B

double replacement

AB+CD=AC+BD