Health Careers Final

All systems must function together in balance which is called?

Homeostasis

The basic unit of life is called?

Cells

When you take many cells and put them together, you get?

Tissues

When you take many tissues and put them together one gets?

Organs

Explain anatomical position

body is facing you, standing, feet pointing forward, arms down near body, elbows slightly bent, palms up

Why is anatomical position important?

When discussing areas of body it isn’t confusing

Define Adduction

Close to body

Define Abduction

Away from body

Define Posterior

Behind

Define Anterior

Infront

Define Inferior

Below

Define Superior

Above

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Support the body and give it shape

How many bones are in the adult human body?

206

List the four types of bones

Flat (ribs/skull), Irregular (vertebrae/skull bones), short (wrist/ankle), long (humerus/femur/tibia)

Kneecap nickname

Patella

Shoulder blade nickname

Scapula

Collar bone nickname

Clavicle

Shin bone nickname

Tibia

Small shin bone nickname

Fibula

Hip bone nickname

Pelvis

Chest bone nickname

Sterinum

Upper thigh bone nickname

Femur

Hand bones nickname

Metacarpals

Wrist bones nickname

Carpals

Fingers/toes nickname

Phalanges

Foot bones nickname

Metarsals

Ankle bones nickname

Tarsals

A broken bone is called a/an

Fracture

Type of broken bone where the bone goes through the skin is called?

Compound

Type of broken bone where the bone only breaks partially?

Greenstick

15. Type of broken bone where it pulls a ligament or tendon with it is called?

Avulsion

16. List the 4 stages of fracture healing

Inflammation, Soft Callus, Hard Callus, Remodeling

18. There are __ skeletal muscles in the human body

650

17. Soft tissue that produces motion are called?

Muscles

19. What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

Voluntary=We have control over, Involuntary=We don’t have control over

Ligament

Tissue connects bone to bone

Tendon

Strong tissue that connects muscle to bone

Cartilage

A firm rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

Sprain=Injury to ligament Strain=Injury to muscle

The human heart is approximately the size of your

fist

The human heart weighs about _ ounces

9 ounces

Veins

Brings deoxygenated blood from tissues back to heart

Arteries

Brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Capillaries

Small arteries and small veins that connect arteries and veins

The color code given to represent arteries or OXYGENATED blood is

Blue

The color code given to represent veins or DEOXYGENATED blood is

Red

The color code given to represent capillaries is?

Purple

Another name for heartbeat is called

Pulse

The average heart rate for an adult at rest is

60 to 80bpm

80 bpm

What is the main function of the heart?

Pump oxygenated blood throughout the body

CVD means

Cardio Vascular Disease (Heart Disease)

What is the name of the artery in the neck where one checks a pulse called?

Carotid

What is the name of the artery in the wrist where one checks a pulse called?

Radial

Define Platelets

Stop wounds from bleeding by forming clots

Largest artery in the body?

Aorta

List the 4 valves of the heart

Tricuspid, pulmonic, aortic, bicuspid/mitral

Write the blood flow steps in order

The body uses oxygenated blood so it becomes deoxygenated, the superior and inferior vena cava bring the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium, from right atrium it travels through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle, from the right ventricle through the pulmonic valve and into the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary artery travels to the lungs where it drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen, the pulmonary veins bring the oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium, from the left atrium through the bicuspid/mitral valve and into the left ventricle, from the left ventricle through the aortic valve and into the aorta, the aorta brings oxygenated blood to the entire body

CPR was invented in what year?

1960

CPR stands for

C=Cardio (heart) P=Pulmonary (Lungs) R=Resuscitation (bring back to life)

What law protects you from getting sued if you do the best you can to help in an emergency?

Good Samaritan Law

What are the 5 rules one must follow for the Good Samaritan law to protect you?

Voluntarily provide assistance to an injured person, expect nothing in return, not “grossly negligent”, received verbal ok from the victim to help or the victim was unconscious, didn’t abandon the victim once started care (EMS arrives, person comes to, or you are so physically exhausted you can't continue)

__ is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States

Heart Disease

What are a few reasons why a person may not want to help in an emergency?

getting a disease, getting sued, making a mistake, afraid of crowds

Anyone who is unconscious and choking, gets

CPR/First Aid

Everything with a child to avoid emergencies is ___ prevention

Accident

The ratio of two person CPR is __ compressions to ___ breaths

30, 2

The ratio of CPR for an adult is __ compressions to ___ breaths

30, 2

The ratio of child CPR is ___ compressions to ___ breaths

30, 2

The ratio infant CPR is ____ compressions to ____ breaths

30, 2

Where does one check a pulse on an infant?

Brachial (Arm)

Where does one check a pulse on a child?

Carotid (Neck)

Where does one check a pulse on an adult?

Carotid (Neck)

Rescue breathing for a child is

1 breath every 3 seconds

Rescue breathing for an infant is

1 breath every 3 seconds

Rescue breathing for an adult is

1 breath every 5 seconds

What is the difference between rescue breathing and CPR?

Rescue breathing you are breathing into the victim and CPR you are doing compressions to the chest

What is the purpose of rescue breathing?

To provide the body with oxygen

What is the purpose of CPR?

Compressing the chest pushes the oxygenated blood throughout the body keeping them alive

What is the first step to the initial assessment?

Check the scene, is the scene safe to help?

What is the MOST important step anyone can perform in any emergency?

Call 911

Age group for Adult

Puberty

Age group for Child

1 to puberty

Age group for Infant

Birth to 1 year

How does one open an airway?

Head, tilt, chin, lift

How does one remove a solid from the airway?

Finger sweep

How does one remove a fluid from an airway?

Hand under neck, hand on hip, roll toward you until liquid drains

Write the steps to the initial assessment adult

Check scene, tap and shout “are you okay”, activate EMS or shout “help”, open airway (head, tilt, chin, lift), check mouth for any objects, check breathing… look, listen and feel, pinch nose and cover their mouth with yours and give two breaths, check carotid (neck) pulse, if they have a pulse, but not breathing begin rescue breathing which is 1 breath every 5 seconds, recheck in about 1 minute, if no pulse begin cpr (2 hands 30 compressions to 2 breaths) compress 2.5 inches deep, you don’t recheck pulse once cpr has started

Write the steps to the initial assessment child

Check scene, tap and shout “are you okay”, activate EMS or shout “help”, open airway (head, tilt, chin, lift), check mouth for any objects, check breathing… look, listen and feel, pinch nose and cover their mouth with yours and give two breaths, check carotid (neck) pulse, if they have a pulse, but not breathing begin rescue breathing which is 1 breath every 3 seconds, recheck in about 1 minute, if no pulse begin cpr (1 hand 30 compressions to 2 breaths) compress 2 inches deep, recheck every 1 minute

Write the steps to the initial assessment infant

Check scene, tap and shout “are you okay”, activate EMS or bring the infant to call, open airway (neutral) straight line, check mouth for any objects, check breathing… look, listen and feel, cover nose and mouth with your mouth and give two breaths, check brachial (arm) pulse, if they have a pulse, but not breathing begin rescue breathing which is 1 breath every 3 seconds, recheck in about 1 minute, if no pulse begin cpr (2 fingers 30 compressions to 2 breaths) compress 1 to 1.5 inch deep, recheck every 1 minute

Can one pinch the nose of an infant when giving two breaths? Explain

No, their nose and mouth are close together so it's better to cover their nose and mouth with your mouth

What happens if you breathe too much air into a victim who is not breathing?

They could vomit

Where do you place your hands for CPR?

On the sternum

How many hands do you use for compressions for an adult?

2 hands

How many hands do you use for compressions for a child?

1 hand

How many hands/ fingers are used for infant compressions?

2 fingers

Explain how you would perform the Heimlich?

Have person stand, put your leg in between theirs, put your dominant hand into a fist shape with your non dominant hand over your dominant hand 2 inches above the navel, arms around waist and give quick upward and inward thrusts until object comes out or they go unconscious

What is the universal sign for choking?

2 hands around throat