Translating the Aeneid - Dryden Aeneis (1697) etc

Give examples of translational binaries that translators must place themselves along

domesticating/foreign

under translation (parts over wholes)/ over translation (whole over parts)

What are the different categories that Paul Botley 2014 recalls of translations

Competitions, Replacements, Supplements

Braund 2025

‘the translator is always an embedded individual’

What are Dryden’s politics

during protectorate worked for Cromwell’s secretary of state - processed at Cromwell’s fnueral 1658.

royalist after restoration of Charles II 1660 - Astraea Redux, celebrated restoration of monarchy.

poet laureate 1668 and historiographer royal 1670.

during 1678-81 exclusion crisis, he moved to exclude James from succession bc he was protestant and Dryden was catholic. After James II (catholic) came to throne 1685, dryden converted to catholicism and celebrated it - 1668 Britannia Rediviva heralds birth of heir to catholic king and queen.

Refused to swear allegiance to Mary and William of Orange, protestant monarchs.

How Dryden describe the dynamic between his translation and his source material in the dedication to his 1697 Aeneis

‘not stuck into him, but growing out of him’

How does |Dryden describe his method in the dedcations to his 1697 trnaslation

‘I have endeavour’d to make Virgil speak such English, as he himself wou’d have spoken, if he had been born in England, and in the present age.’

what did dryden translate virgil into metrically

heroic couplets

10,000 lines become 13,700

What is Dryden’s attitude towards hemistichs (half liines)

despises them in dedication to Aeneis

What different types of translation does Dryden suggest iin the preface to Ovid’s epistles 1680

Metaphrase - word by word, tedious.

Paraphrase ‘Translation with latitude’ - preferred.

Imitation - liberty = doing wrong to memory of the dead

What particular elements of Virgil are especially difficult to translate

concepts like pietas , specific features of latinity enacted by word order hard to render in english.

Dryden on pietas in dedication - ‘more full than it can possibly be exprest in any Modern Language’.

WHat are the various english metres that translations of Virgil were written in

rhymed fourteener - Phaer and Twinne, rhymed, familiar from ballads and held prestigious position, native English form, George Chapman uses for 1598 transl Iliad.

Heroic couplets - long ancestry - Chaucer. Samuel Daniel A Defence of Ryme 1603 - ‘the plaine ancient verse’.

Blank verse.