VETS1060 Mid semester exam

define cell theory

• all living things are made of cells

• the cell is structural and functional unit of all living things

• all cells only arise from all living things

• cells contain hereditary info that is passed from cell to cell during cell division

identify the domains of life

PAPEE

• Prokaryote Archaea

• Prokaryota Eubacteria

• Eukaryota

define unity of life

• all life is cellular

define autotrophic organisms

• convert light energy into chemical energy

define heterotrophic organisms

• use food molecules to make energy

define commensal

• where one organism benefits and the other is unharmed

define mutualistic

• both organisms benefit

define parasite

• one organisms benefits and the other is harmed

define pathogen

• microorganisms that produces disease

define eukaryotes

• uni or multicellular

define basic structure of eukaryote cell

• nucleus, histones, endomembrane, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, chloroplasts

define life

a complex metabolic state with genetic potential, in order for viruses to live, need host symbiosis

list the structures of viruses

no nucleus, contain nucleic acid, protein coat, envelope

how do viruses replicate

by using cellular machinery in host cells which causes death of the cell resulting in disease of host

discuss the 3 theories of virus evolution

1. viruses are escaped pieces of host cell DNA

2. viruses are degenerate unicellular life forms. genes that weren’t required were lost

3. viruses originated independently from host replication systems with viral origins occurring at different times

identify viruses important in ved med

hendra and nipah, both maintained by fruit bats

identify how we classify the diversity of animals pre advent of molecular biology

taxonomy

identify the driving forces of evolution

natural selection, migration, genetic drift

define single celled eukaryotes

unicellular

define opisthokonts

single posterior flagellum in cell

define intraspecific interactions

individuals of same species for limited resources

define interspecific interactions

between species

moulds, mushrooms and yeast are what

moulds and mushrooms are multicellular and yeast is single celled

identify 3 ways moulds, mushrooms, yeast etc can reproduce

1. asexual reproduction

2. sexual reproduction

3. meiosis

define moulds

multicellular filamentous fungi that form fruiting bodies

are cnidarians radially or bilaterally symmetrical.

radially symmetrical

are cnidarians diploblastic or triploblastic.

diploblastic

what do cnidarians use to sting/hunt.

cnidarians use nematocysts that line the tentacles to sting/hunt

what are porocytes

tubular cells which make up the pores of a sponge known as ostia

key feature of porocytes in porifera

provide openings for water, which carries planktonic food and oxygen, to enter the sponge body

define capsule

structure that covers the outer layer of the cell wall to provide resistance and protection of the bacteria against the host immune system and the environment

define fimbriae

long filamentous polymeric protein structures located at the surface of bacterial cells.