Reading Volume 7 Vocabulary - Test 1 & 2

A set of practice flashcards covering vocabulary terms from Reading Volume 7, focusing on definitions grounded in Passages 1, 2, and 3.

tolerate (v)

To endure or withstand harsh or difficult conditions.

To argue or assert a position, especially during academic debate.

contend (v)

The act of farming or growing crops.

cultivation (n)

Relating to pharmacology or used as medicine.

pharmacological (adj)

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.

commodity (n)

A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or a process is completed.

residue (n)

A handwritten or ancient document.

manuscript (n)

Requiring much effort, time, and hard work.

laborious (adj)

Clearly separate, different, or distinct from others.

distinct (adj)

To remove, pull out, or obtain a substance from a source.

extract (v)

To get rid of something because it is no longer useful or needed.

discard (v)

The state or degree of being acid.

acidity (n)

Feeling nervous, embarrassed, or overly aware of one's appearance or actions.

self-conscious (adj)

Difficult to find, catch, define, or achieve.

elusive (adj)

Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance.

fundamental (adj)

To rebuild or recreate events, data, or models.

reconstruct (v)

An inclination toward a particular characteristic or type of behavior.

tendency (n)

Clever, original, and inventive in design or idea.

ingenious (adj)

To change the direction of flow, resources, or attention.

divert (v)

New, original, and unprecedented.

novel (adj)

Technical equipment or instruments used for a specific purpose or experiment.

apparatus (n)

To care for and encourage the growth or development of something.

nurture (v)

A deception or fake work intended to mislead others.

hoax (n)

According to what is generally assumed or believed, though not verified.

supposedly (adv)

To reach a judgment or end based on reasoning.

conclude (v)

To create something with meticulous skill and care.

craft (v)

To reveal, discover, or make something known.

bring to light (phr)

To plan, invent, or create a plan or machine.

devise (v)

To fail or not achieve the intended result.

misfire (v)

Genuine, original, and verified as true.

authentic (adj)

To draw out or evoke a reaction, answer, or emotion.

elicit (v)

A strong expression of public disapproval or anger.

outcry (n)

To grant special priority or advantages to someone or something.

privilege (v)

A huge, powerful, and overwhelming force or movement that cannot be stopped.

juggernaut (n)

Comprehensive knowledge or thorough skill in a particular subject.

mastery (n)

A large range or variety of elements or things.

array (n)

A person or thing holding a corresponding position in another place or organization.

counterpart (n)

To continue to exist, last, or endure over time.

persist (v)

Open to argument or discussion; not certain.

debatable (adj)

To originate from or be caused by something specific.

stem from (phr)

To gather or build up slowly over time.

accumulate (v)

To yield or surrender under intense pressure.

cave in (phr)

To state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully.

assert (v)

To gradually weaken or erode the effectiveness or power of something.

undermine (v)

The act of following or imitating a model or achievement.

emulation (n)

Experienced to a severe or intense degree.

acute (adj)

A large difference or inequality between groups.

disparity (n)

Wealthy, prosperous, or having an abundance of money.

affluent (adj)

The basic or preliminary work that acts as a foundation for future development.

groundwork (n)

Remarkable, significant, or deserving of attention.

noteworthy (adj)