ESSAY - Why did Gregor Mendel choose the garden pea plants for his genetic studies?
Small size, grew fast, many offspring, traits were in contrast.
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In meiosis ____ are formed from ____ cells in which chromosomes ____ from their homologous pair to form ____ and sperm that are _____.
Gametes, diploid, segregate, eggs, haploid.
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ESSAY - What does the Theory of Segregation say?
Alleles of each pair separate independently of one another during gamete formation. This causes traits to disappear and reappear from generation to generation.
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ESSAY - What are true-breeding plants?
plants whose offspring have only one for of a trait.
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rr is an example of
\ homozygous recessive/purebred
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RR is an example of
homozygous dominant/purebred
Rr is an example of
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Rr is an example of
heterozygous/hybrid
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Gametes have how many chromosomes?
haploid the number of chromosomes as all the other cells of an organism
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ESSAY - What does the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance state?
The genes on chromosomes are the units of inheritance
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Meiosis produces eggs and sperm (gametes or sex cells), each being haploid (n) with ____ the chromosome number.
half
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In humans, the which gender determines the sex of the child.
male
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Males have ____ sex chromosomes
XY
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Females have ____ sex chromosomes
XX
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When segments of DNA in chromosomes exchange DNA with each other during prophase I of Meiosis I, _____ occurs.
crossing over
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_____ has 2 separate cells divisions, I and II, resulting in 2 _____ cells at the end of division 1 and 4 ____ cells at the end of division II.
meiosis, haploid, haploid
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____ and _____ occur in Meiosis
segregation, independent assortment
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ESSAY - What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
Genes for one trait assort themselves to gametes during Meiosis I independently of other genes for other traits
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Haploid cells are first produced from diploid cells in _____
Meiosis I
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ESSAY - Why are mutations rare in human populations? (3 reasons)
usually occur on recessive alleles, mutations on genes occur infrequently, two people who marry will unlikely both carry a mutation for the same trait
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Down Syndrome (Trisomy-21) individuals have a total of ____ chromosomes. They have three #21 chromosomes.
47
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\ Because the color blindness gene is located on the X chromosome, the male gender is more commonly color blind than the female gender. Therefore, it is considered a _____ trait linked to gender.
sex-linked
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Type A: Only ____ antibody clumps or agglutinates it.
A
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Type B: Only ____ antibody clumps it.
**B**
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Type AB: Both ____ antibody clumps it.
A and B
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Type O: ____ antibody clumps it.
neither A nor B
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Antibodies clump the blood when they react with the same ____ on the red blood cell membrane.
Antigen marker protein
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ESSAY - Diseases that are genetically caused may be cured in the future by what treatment?
Gene Therapy
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mutations
gene changes that can be inherited
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Karyotype
chromosomal makeup of a person.
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What is the Rh factor
1 gene with 2 alleles, RH+ is dom and produces RH blood antigen, but no RH blood antibodies. RH- is recessive and produces no RH antigen.
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ESSAY - Explain what the Human Genome Project is designed to do.
Trying to find every gene in all 46 chromosomes of the body.
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What happens in male sex tests?
Y chromosome glows. Stain cells of the umbilical cord glow in UV light
Studied by 6 people
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