Practical Research 2 Lesson 1: Quantitative Research and Variables

This flashcard set covers the fundamental concepts, types, and variables associated with quantitative research as presented in the Grade $$12$$ Practical Research $$2$$ course.

Quantitative Research

A systematic way of gathering and analyzing numerical data to understand patterns, relationships, and trends, providing objective and reliable results that can be generalized to a larger population.

Descriptive Research

A type of quantitative research that describes characteristics or the status of a specific situation, such as the Level of Stress Among SHS Students.

Correlational Research

A quantitative research design used to examine relationships between variables, for example, comparing sleep hours and the $GPA$ of Grade $12$ students.

Quasi-Experimental Research

A type of research that tests cause-effect relationships between variables without the use of random assignment.

Experimental Research

A research design involving strict control and manipulation of variables to test cause-and-effect relationships.

Independent Variable ($IV$)

Known as the cause or input, this is the variable that the researcher manipulates or changes to observe its effects.

Dependent Variable ($DV$)

Known as the effect or outcome, this is the variable that is measured or observed, such as academic performance or test scores.

Control Variables

Factors that are held constant throughout a study to avoid interference and ensure fairness, such as age, gender, or school schedule.

Intervening/Mediating Variable

A variable that explains "how" or "why" a relationship exists between the $IV$ and the $DV$, such as motivation levels explaining why study hours improve $GPA$.

Numerical Data and Statistical Analysis

The core characteristics of quantitative research that involve using numbers and mathematical techniques to interpret information.

Generalizability

A strength of quantitative research that allows the findings from a study to be applied to a larger population beyond the immediate sample used.

Strengths of Quantitative Research

Key advantages including precise measurements, the ability to perform hypothesis testing, and the use of large sample sizes.

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

Limitations such as the potential to overlook context or feelings and the requirement for specialized statistical knowledge.