Anatomy and Body Systems Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering human anatomy body systems, organs, regional anatomical terms, body cavities, positional terminology, and characteristics of life.

Integumentary System

Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissue from injury. Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses pain and pressure receptors, as well as sweat and oil glands.

Muscular System

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture.

Skeletal System

Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones.

Nervous System

As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

Cardiovascular System

Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc., while the heart pumps blood.

Immune System

Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity and mounts the immune response attack against foreign substances within the body.

Endocrine System

Composed of glands (Pineal gland, pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Thymus, Adrenal gland, Pancreas, ovary) that secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

Lymphatic System

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream.

Urinary System Organs

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Digestive System Organs

Oral cavity, esophagus, Liver, Stomach, and Small + large intestines.

Respiratory System Organs

Nasal cavity, Parynx, Laryinx, Trachea, lung, and bronchus.

Anterior

Toward the front or back of the body.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Distal

Farther from.

Proximal

Closer to.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Occipital

Regional term for the back of the head.

Brachial

Regional term for the arm.

Gluteal

Regional term for the buttock.

Patellar

Regional term for the knee (front view).

Sural

Regional term for the calf.

Cephalic

Regional term for the total head.

Thoracic (Regional Term)

Regional term for the chest.

Buccal

Regional term for the cheek.

Coxal

Regional term for the hip.

Popliteal

Regional term for the back of the knee.

Pollex

Regional term for the thumb.

Subdivisions of Anatomy

Gross, Microscopic, and Developmental.

Average Human Body Temperature

$37\,^\circ\text{C}$ + $48.6\,^\circ\text{F}$.

Anatomical Position

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs pointed away from the body.

Tissue

A group of similar cells.

Organ

A structure that contains more than one type of tissue.

Characteristics of Living Things

Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Dispose of waste, and Reproduction.

Levels of Structural Organization

From smallest to largest: Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal.

Dorsal Body Cavity

Body cavity containing the Cranial Cavity (housing the brain) and Vertebral cavity (housing the spinal cord).

Ventral Body Cavity Organs

Heart, lungs, stomach, and liver.

Thoracic Cavity

Body cavity containing the heart and lungs.

Abdominal Cavity Organs

Stomach, liver, and small intestine.

Pelvic Cavity Organs

Bladder, reproductive organs (such as the uterus), and rectum.

Responsiveness

Ability to sense and respond to stimuli (e.g., withdrawal reflex, control of breathing rate).

Sagittal Section vs. Frontal Section

Sagittal section divides into left and right; Frontal section divides into front and back.

Left Iliac Region Organs

Colon and small intestine.

Homeostasis

Keeping the conditions necessary to maintain life.