Periodic Table

Alkali Metals

Valence electron of 1

Alkali Metals

Reacts with oxygen to form oxides

Alkali Metals

Reacts vigorously with water to form H2 and metallic hydroxide

Alkali Metals

Very reactive and do not occur free in nature

Alkali Metals

Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Lithium

produces crimson flame/carmine-red flame when added to HCl for flame test

Lithium Carbonate Precipitate

2Li + Na2CO3

Lithium Carbonate

white precipitate soluble in NH4Cl

No Precipitate

Li + SO42-

Sodium

produces persistent golden yellow flame with HCl in flame test

No precipitate

Na + K2CO3 (differentiates Sodium from Lithium)

Sodium Dihydrogen Pyroantimonate (Na2H2Sb2O7)

white complex precipitate formed by Sodium + Potassium Pyroantimonate

Potassium

produces a violet/lilac flame with HCl in flame test which only becomes visible when viewed through cobalt glass as the flame turns crimson in color

Lithium (Li+)

CNS (Central Nervous System) Depressant and Diuretic

Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3)

Used in treating manic-depressive disorders

Sodium (Na+)

Most abundant salt in weakly acidic drugs and the most abundant extracellular cation

Potassium (K+)

most abundant intracellular cation

Alkaline Earth Metals

has a valence electron of 2

Alkaline Earth Metals

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Alkaline Earth Metals

attacked by atmospheric oxygen (execept Beryllium)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Reacts with water to form H2 and alkaline solution (except Beryllium and Magnesium)

Alkaline Earth Metals

not as reactive and soluble as GroupIA

Calcium > Strontium > Barium > Radium

solubility trend for alkaline earth metals except for hydroxides

Calcium < Strontium < Barium < Radium

solubility trend of hydroxides of alkaline earth metals

Calcium

forms a yellowish-red/brick red flame when reacted with HCl for a flame test

Barium

forms a yellowish-green flame when added with HCl for flame test

Berilium

the is and its salts are very toxic

Magnesium

used as an anti-convulsant and for vasodilation

Calcium

most abundant mineral in the body

Strontium

used as desensitizing agent in toothpastes (sensodyne)

Barium (BaSO4)

used as an xray contrast medium but only drank so that it doesn’t get distributed through the entire body

Radium

radioactive

Boron Family

has an oxidation state of 3+

GroupIIIA (Boron Family)

Tends to form covalent bonds greater than Groups IA and IIA due to their smaller size and greater charge

Boron Family

the metals are readily oxidized when heated in air

Boron Family

Hydroxides tend to show amphoteric properties [except for Boron (Boron trihydroxide - weak acid) and Thallium]

H3BO3

Orthoboric acid

Boron Family

B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Nh

H2B4O7

Pyroboric Acid

HBO2

Metaboric Acid

Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)

Al3+ + 3NH4OH forms what white gelatinous precipitate