UTA A&P 1 FINAL

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in .

anatomical position

The head is to the feet.

superior

The wrist is _ to the elbow.

distal

The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of the liver cell is to .

cytology

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

pedal

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the system.

digestive

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the _

Peritoneum

The thoracic cavity includes the .

heart and lungs

Which type of section would divide the body down the midline between the eyes?

midsagittal section

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed .

homeostasis

Which kind of bond holds atoms in a water molecule together?

polar covalent bonds

Peptide bonds link .

two amino acids

A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is .

glycogen

The mass number of an atom represents the number of .

protons + neutrons

Which property of water accounts for the cooling effect of perspiration?

High heat capacity -- water carries away heat when it changes from a liquid to a gas

Wine has a pH of 3. Tomatoes have a pH of 4. Which statement below is correct?

The concentration of hydrogen ions is 10 times as great in the wine as in a tomato.

All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they .

are consumed during the reaction.

What molecule is produced by the phosphorylation of ADP?

Adenosine triphospate (ATP)

Which level of protein structure would be affected by an agent that breaks hydrogen bonds?

The secondary level of protein structure

Why is it significant that keratin and collagen are fibrous proteins and myoglobin and hemoglobin are globular proteins?

Fibrous proteins are tough and insoluble in water; they play structural roles.

and

Globular proteins readily enter aqueous solutions and function only when they are in solution.

(A and C)

A gland has no ducts to carry the glandular secretions, and the glands secretions are released directly into the extracellular fluid. Which type of gland is this?

Endocrine gland

Serous membranes contrast mucous membranes in what way?

Serous membranes line sealed internal subdivisions of the body cavity, while mucous membranes line passageways that open to the exterior.

Which type of muscle cell has small, tapering cells with single nuclei and no obvious striations?

Smooth

If a person has a herniated intervertebral disc, which type of cartilage has been damaged?

Fibrocartilage

Why does cartilage heal so slowly?

It lacks a direct blood supply, necessary for proper healing.

Connective tissues share three basic components. Which of the following lists these components?

Specialized cells, extracellular fibers, and ground substance

The singular example of a unicellular exocrine gland is _.

the goblet cell

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

It stores energy reserves.

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found in the body?

Lining the nasal cavity

Which cavities in the body are lined by serous membranes?

Pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial

A splinter that penetrates from the skin's surface to the third layer of the epidermis of the palm is lodged in which layer?

Stratum granulosum

Two terms for the connective tissue below the dermis are . It is made of and its functions include _.

Hypodermis and subcutaneous layer areolar and adipose tissue -- stabilizing position of the skin

Dandruff is caused by excessive shedding of cells from the outer layer of skin in the scalp. Thus, dandruff is composed of cells from which epidermal layer?

Stratum corneum

Which of the following is NOT a function of merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands?

Activate at puberty; secrete sticky, cloudy, potentially odorous secretions

Which two events are possible results of the contraction of the arrector pili muscle?

Goose bumps and release of sebum

How and where is melanin produced?

Melanocytes manufacture it from tyrosine in the stratum germinativum.

Where are the capillaries and sensory neurons that supply the epidermis located?

Papillary layer of dermis

In some cultures, women must be covered completely, except for their eyes, when they go outside. Explain why these women exhibit a high incidence of problems with their bones.

UV light is necessary to produce cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).

What accounts for the ability of the dermis to undergo repeated stretching?

Elastic fibers and skin turgor resilience

Why can skin regenerate effectively even after considerable damage?

Stem cells persist in all components of skin.

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called _.

canaliculi

A rounded hole through a bone for passage of blood vessels is termed a _.

foramen

When production of sex hormones increases at puberty, epiphyseal plates _.

become narrower.

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called _.

osteoblasts

The hormone calcitonin functions to _.

decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.

During appositional growth, _.

bones grow wider.

fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin.

Closed

How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased?

Strength decreases, flexibility increases

If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the activity of osteoblasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected?

Less mass

The interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.

protein-crystal

The styloid process, zygomatic process, and auditory ossicles are associated with the _.

temporal bone

A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the _.

crista galli

Nerves carrying sensory information from the lips and the chin pass through the _.

mental foramina

The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of processes from which two bones?

temporal and zygomatic

The sternum contains .

All of the above

Each of the following is associated with the temporal bone, except the _.

sella turcica

The calvaria is formed by the bones.

frontal, parietal, and occipital

Ligaments that support the hyoid bone are attached to the _.

styloid process

The dens (odontoid process) is found on the _.

axis

curves of the spine develop late in fetal development.

Primary

Which three bones make up a coxal bone?

ilium, ischium, and pubis

The Achilles tendon attaches to which anatomical structure?

calcaneus

Which bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity?

head of the humerus

Which part of the radius helps stabilize the wrist joint?

styloid process

What structure of the scapula divides its posterior surface into two regions?

scapular spine

The lateral malleolus is found on the _.

fibula

When you are seated, which part of the pelvis bears your body's weight?

ischial tuberosities

The head of the femur articulates at the _.

acetabulum

The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the _.

acromion

What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?

femur

Complete dislocation of the knee is a rare because _.

the knee contains seven major ligaments.

A slightly movable joint is a(n) .

amphiarthrosis

Which of the following is NOT a property of synovial joints?

covered by a serous membrane

Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in _.

supination of the forearm and flexion at the elbow

Bursae are found in all of the following areas, except _.

around blood vessels

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the joint.

shoulder

Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

opening the mouth

A movement away from the midline of the body is termed _.

abduction

A ligamentous connection such as an interosseus ligament is termed a _.

syndesmosis

The elbow joint is extremely stable because _.

the ulna and humerus interlock.

The area in the center of the A band that contains no thin filaments is the .

H band

The ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths is called .

plasticity

Fast muscle fibers can adapt to aerobic metabolism by generating more mitochondria in response to .

repeated, exhaustive stimulation

Active sites on the actin become available for binding after .

calcium binds to troponin.

Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for .

muscle contraction

The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the .

endomysium

Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the .

motor end plate

When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly at a high rate, the amount of tension gradually increases to a steady maximum tension. This is called .

complete tetanus

The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the fiber.

slow

Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called .

myoblasts

Skeletal muscles in which the fascicles form a common angle with the tendon are muscles.

pennate

The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called levers.

third-class

Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior?

protracts the shoulder, rotates the scapula

The powerful abductor muscle of the upper arm is the .

deltoid

Which of the following is a member of the hamstring group?

all of the above

Which statement regarding the arm muscles is correct?

Brachioradialis is a flexor while the anconeus is an extensor.

Triceps brachii insert on the olecranon process of the ulna and can act to .

extend the forearm.