lecture 47 LE arthology (there is no lecture 46)

os coxa

what is the fused bone consisting of ilium, pubis, and ischium?

pelvic girdle connecting axial skeleton to femur

what is the os coxa?

thigh bone, longest bone in body

describe the femur

kneecap, largest sesamoid bone, pulley for the quadriceps mm

describe patella

shin bone that transmits weight

describe tibia

tibia

what is the attachment site for most thigh mm that cross the knee?

splint bone of leg that does not bear weight

describe fibula

7

the tarsus consists of how many bones?

hindfoot

the tarsus consists of 7 bones that make up what?

talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiform 1-3

what are the 7 bones making up the tarsus?

talus

what is the only tarsal bone to articulate with both of the leg bones?

receives weight of body from tibia and transmits it to calcaneus

what is the function of the talus?

metatarsals 1-5

what does the metatarsus consist of?

14

how many pedal digits (phalanges) are there?

Digits 2-5 have how many phalanges?

what digit(s) have a proximal, middle, and distal phalanx?

digit 1 (hallux)

what digit(s) have a proximal and distal phalanx?

locomotion, support

what are the two functions of the lower limb?

10

how many primary joints or sets of joints are associated with the lower extremity?

sacroiliac, coxofemoral, knee joint (tibiofemoral, femoropatellar), proximal tibiofibular, distal tibiofibular, talocrural (ankle joint), intertarsal, tarsometatarsall, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints

from proximal to distal, what are the 10 joints of the lower limb?

sacrum and ilium

the sacroiliac joint occurs between what articular surfaces?

synovial joint

what kind of joint is the anterior portion of the sacroiliac joint?

strong ligamentous fibers posteriorly

the sacroiliac joint is restricted to almost no movement by...

stable, supportive joints

what kind of joints transmit weight of torso to lower extremity?

congruent shape of auricular surfaces of both bones, interosseous ligaments, anterior sacroiliac ligaments, posterior sacroiliac ligaments, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament

what is the movement of the sacroiliac joint restricted by?

ball and socket joint

when the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone, what type of joint forms?

stability

the deep acetabulum affords the hip joint more ___ than the glenohumeral joint

three broad ligaments

what reinforces the joint capsule of the coxofemoral joint, adding stability of the joint when weight bearing/in extension?

slackened

describe the ligaments of the coxofemoral joint when the hip is flexed

posterior dislocation of the femoral head

the ligaments being slackened when the hip is flexed may allow for what?

iliofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament

what are the three broad ligaments stabilizing the coxofemoral joint?

anterior and superior ligament that binds the anterior inferior spine of ilium to the intertrochanteric line, shaped like inverted Y

describe iliofemoral ligament of coxofemoral joint

posterior ligament, attached to the ischial portion of the acetabulum

describe the ischiofemoral ligament of the coxofemoral joint

medial and inferior ligament

describe the pubofemoral ligament of the coxofemoral joint

condyles of femur and of tibia

the knee joint occurs primarily between what?

femur

the patella articulates only with what?

hinge joint

what is the knee joint classified as?

2 condyloid joints next to each other

morphologically, what is the knee joint?

effectively lengthen the lever arm of the quadriceps muscle in extension

what does the patella do?

anteriorly and in flexion

how does the patella protect the knee joint?

flexion

there is some rotation of knee permitted in...

medially rotates

the femur ___ a very small amount on the tibia in extension

tighten and lock the cruciate ligaments, further stabilizing the knee

the femur medially rotating a very small amount on the tibia in extension serves to...

torn ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus

what is the terrible triad or unholy trinity?

females, soccer or lacrosse players

who is more likely to experience terrible triad or unholy trinity?

rapid acceleration or deceleration

what movements can result in the terrible triad or unholy trinity?

female Q angle larger (femur more oblique)

how does the Q angle compare between females and males?

tibial (or medial) collateral ligament, fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament

list the collateral ligaments of the knee

medial condyle of femur, medial condyle of tibia and on to the medial surface of the shaft

the tibial (or medial) collateral ligament is a strong ligament extended from the ___ to the ___

shorter and more slender

how does the fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament compare to its counterpart?

lateral condyle of the femur, head of fibula

the fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament extends from the ___ to the ___

false

true or false: the fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament is attached to the lateral meniscus

anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament

list the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint

anterior to intercondylar eminence on the tibia

how does the anterior cruciate ligament arise?

posterior to the intercondylar eminence on the tibia

how does the posterior cruciate ligament arise?

upward and backward to the lateral condyle of the femur

how does the anterior cruciate ligament extend?

upward and forwards to the medial condyle of the femur

how does the posterior cruciate ligament extend?

anterior displacement of the tibia under the femoral condyles

what does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

posterior displacement of the tibia under the femoral condyles

what does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

two fibrocartilaginous discs, medial meniscus and lateral meniscus

what are the menisci of the knee joint?

medial meniscus

which meniscus is a cup shaped oval fibrocartilaginous disc?

lateral meniscus

which meniscus is a cup shaped circular fibrocartilaginous disc?

deepen the medial articular fossa of the tibia for the medial condyle of the femur

what does the medial meniscus of the knee joint serve to do?

deepen the lateral articular fossa of the tibia for the lateral condyle of the femur

what does the lateral meniscus of the knee joint serve to do?

anterolateral ligament

what is the "new" ligament of the knee?

a French surgeon

who postulated in 1879 the existence of an additional ligament located on the anterior of the human knee?

33-97%

in 2013, two knee surgeons discovered the anterolateral ligament which is present in what percentage of knees?

ACL tears

injury to the anterolateral ligament (ALL) is believed to play a role in predisposing pts to...

anterior translation of the tibia during rotational loading

the anterolateral ligament (ALL) is currently believed to play a role in preventing...

head of the fibula and underside of the lateral condyle of the tibia

what does the proximal tibiofibular joint occur between?

plane joint

what is the proximal tibiofibular joint classified as?

proximal tibiofibular joint

in which tibiofibular joint does very little movement occur?

distal tibiofibular

in which tibiofibular joint does no movement occur?

syndesmosis

what is the distal tibiofibular joint classified as?