Intro to Biological Psychology

Flashcards based on lecture notes on Biological Psychology.

What is the focus of Biological Psychology?

The biological bases of behavior and mental processes.

What are the two main fields that Biological Psychology brings together?

Psychology and Neuroscience.

What did Aristotle believe about the heart and brain?

The heart was the seat of thought, while the brain cooled the blood.

Who proposed that mental functions originated in the brain, not the heart?

Hippocrates.

Which historical figures performed dissections and distinguished between motor and sensory nerves?

Herophilus and Erasistratus.

Who developed early neuroanatomy and linked brain ventricles to thought through animal dissections?

Galen.

Who proposed dualism and suggested the pineal gland as the 'seat of the soul'?

Descartes.

Who discovered the role of the medulla in respiration?

Legallois.

Who demonstrated the distinction between motor and sensory nerve pathways?

Bell and Magendie.

What is the name of the field that Gall and Spurzheim proposed that pioneered early ideas of functional specialization?

Phrenology

What famous case linked the frontal lobe to personality?

The case of Phineas Gage.

Who identified language centers in the brain?

Broca and Wernicke.

Who used electrical stimulation to map motor and sensory cortices?

Ferrier, Fritsch, and Hitzig.

Who formulated the neuron doctrine?

Cajal.

Who discovered synapses?

Sherrington.

Who identified neurotransmission?

Loewi and Dale.

Who discovered EEG and recorded brain waves?

Berger.

Who mapped brain function using electrical stimulation?

Penfield.

Who proposed neural learning theory?

Hebb.

What are the two types of descriptions for Describing the behavior?

Structural and Functional descriptions

How is somatic intervention defined in biological psychology?

Manipulating body structure or function and looking for changes in behaviour.

How is behavioral intervention defined in biological psychology?

Manipulating behavior and looking for changes in the body structure or function.

What are the levels of analysis of biological psychology?

Molecules, Synapses, Cells, Circuits, Brain regions, Systems, Organs, Society.

Name the four biological explanations of behavior.

Physiological, Ontogenetic, Evolutionary, and Functional.