Criminal Justice Ethics Midterm Ch. 1-5

ethical issues

difficult social or policy questions that include controversy over the “right“ thing to do

ethics

the discipline of determining good and evil and defining moral duties

morals

principles of right and wrong

discretion

the authority to make a decision between two or more choices

6 criminal justice professions that have discretion

• legislators

• law enforcement officers

• prosecutors

• defense attorneys

• judges

• correction officers

3 themes of justice

• fairness

• equality

• impartiality

define retributive justice and utilitarian justice 

• retributive: the component of justice that concerns the determination and methods of punishment

• utilitarian justice: the type of justice that looks to the greatest good for all as the end

define due process and what amendments support protections of citizens

5th and 14th amendments; requires the government to follow procedural protections before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property

name 5 procedural protections under due process

• notices of changes

• neutral hearing body

• right of cross-examination

• right to present evidence

• representation by counsel

• statement of findings

• appeal

how is justice and law defined

• justice: the quality of being impartial, fair, and just

• law: a system of rules

ethics of virtue

the ethical system that bases ethics largely upon character and possessions of virtues

define utilitarianism as an ethical system

an ethical system claiming that the greatest good is that which results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number 

define the two forms of utilitarianism

• act: determines the goodness of a particular act by measuring the good for all

• rule: determines the goodness of an action by measuring the utility of that action when it is made into a rule for behavior

ethics of care

defines good as meeting the needs of others and preserving and enriching relationships

5 steps to using ethical systems to resolve dilemmas

1. identify the facts

2. identify relevant values and concepts

3. identify all possible moral dilemmas for each party involved 

4. decide the most immediate moral or ethical issue facing the individual

5. resolve the ethical or moral dilemmas by using an ethical system or other means of decision-making

learning theory

a framework that explains how people acquire, process, and retain knowledge

what does transformational leadership emphasize

emphasizes the ethics and trust and respect as the foundation of a leader’s impact

authentic leaders

authentic leaders are honest, take accountability, and make sound ethical decisions based on principle rather than short-term gain

Albert banduras’ moral disengagement thoery

the process by which a person or group deviates from ethical norms and subsequently rationalizes new unethical behavior, frequently citing extenuating circumstances

name 4 of banduras’ mechanisms

• moral justification

• euphemistic labeling

• advantageous comparison

• displacement of responsibility

• diffusion of responsibility

• dehumanization

two primary missions in law enforcement

• crime fighting missions

• public servants

crime control model

an approach to the criminal justice system where law enforcement represses criminal conduct and focuses on preventing crime by punishing criminal and criminal activity

warrior model

the view that police officers are in a war against criminals

guardian model

the viewpoint that police officers ar public servants who have a duty to safeguard and serve society

community policing

advocates organizational solutions that leverage partnerships and problem-solving to proactively address immediate public safety issues like criminal, social disturbance, and fear of crime

Ferguson effect

a theory that public scrutiny of police can lead to an increase of violent crimes