Cell Cycle and Cell Division

What molecule provides energy for anabolic reactions?

ATP

What is the cell cycle?

The normal life cycle of a cell, involving growth and division to produce two identical cells.

During which phase of the cell cycle do cells spend most of their time?

Interphase

What are the three phases of interphase?

G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (growth and verification)

What happens during the G1 phase?

The cell grows and carries out normal functions.

What happens during the S phase?

The cell replicates its DNA.

What happens during the G2 phase?

The cell grows more and checks for DNA errors before division.

Which enzyme unzips the DNA double helix?

Helicase

Which enzyme adds nucleotides to replicate DNA?

DNA polymerase

How do nucleotides pair during DNA replication?

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

What is semiconservative replication?

Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.

What is the purpose of mitosis?

To produce two identical daughter cells.

What happens in prophase during mitosis?

DNA condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane disappears.

What happens in metaphase during mitosis?

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

What happens in anaphase during mitosis?

Chromosomes are pulled apart toward opposite poles.

What happens in telophase during mitosis?

The nuclear membrane reforms and the cell prepares to divide.

What is cytokinesis?

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells.

How is meiosis different from mitosis?

Meiosis involves two divisions, producing four haploid gametes instead of two identical cells.

How does meiosis increase genetic variation?

Through crossing over between homologous chromosomes.

What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

Haploid gametes (sperm or egg).