TIMELINE ### Early History Transatlantic Slave Trade: Millions of Africans enslaved; built US economy, fueled racial hierarchy. ### 18th Century 1790: 6 slave states. 1794: Cotton gin invented. ### 19th Century 1818: Frederick Douglass born. 1865: Slavery ended (13th Amend.); "evolved" into Black Codes. Reconstruction: 14th (citizenship), 15th (voting) Amends. Lynching Era: Widespread racial terror. ### Early 20th Century 1926: Pacific Beach Club for Black Americans burned by white opposition. 1930s: Redlining denied loans to Black neighborhoods. ### Mid-20th Century Post-WWII: White suburbanization/GI Bill excluded Black families. OC/Little Texas: Housing discrimination segregated communities. Blockbusting: Exploited racism for real estate. ### Civil Rights Era 1950s-70s: Movement fought segregation, secured rights. 1960s-70s: "Culture of Poverty" myth blamed Black individuals. 1964: California Prop 14 legalized housing discrimination. 1967: Reitman v. Mulkey struck down Prop 14. Leaders: MLK (nonviolence), Malcolm X (self-defense). Black Power: Self-determination (Black Panthers, community programs)

Transatlantic Slave Trade

The forced transportation of millions of Africans to the Americas, which built the US economy and fueled a racial hierarchy.

Cotton Gin

Invented in 1794, it significantly increased the efficiency of cotton processing, enhancing the economy reliant on slave labor.

Frederick Douglass

An influential abolitionist and former slave, born in 1818, known for his speeches and writings advocating for Black rights.

13th Amendment

Ratified in 1865, it abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

Part of Reconstruction, it granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US.

15th Amendment

Part of Reconstruction, it granted African American men the right to vote.

Lynching Era

A period marked by widespread racial terror against African Americans, often culminating in mob killings.

Redlining

A discriminatory practice in the 1930s that denied loans to residents of certain neighborhoods, particularly affecting Black communities.

Blockbusting

An exploitative real estate practice that manipulated racial fears for profit.

California Prop 14

A 1964 proposition that legalized housing discrimination, later struck down by the Reitman v. Mulkey decision.

Culture of Poverty

A myth popularized in the 1960s-70s that blamed poverty among Black individuals on their culture rather than systemic issues.

Black Power

A movement emphasizing self-determination for Black individuals, associated with groups like the Black Panthers and community initiatives.