Chapter 33: Viruses

HIV

________ is an example of a virus responsible for an emerging disease: a new illness that suddenly affects significant numbers of individuals in a host population.

Drugs

________ that interfere with viral infection or replication are called antivirals.

animal cells

In viruses that infect ________, the dormant state is called latency.

AIDS

________ is an affliction caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Physicians

________ and researchers use the term epidemic (literally,"upon- people) "to describe a disease that rapidly infects many individuals over a widening area.

CD4

Although ________ is necessary for HIV attachment, the viral genome will not be uncoated unless the virion also binds to a second membrane protein, a co- receptor.

Helper T cells

________ are crucial to the immune systems responses to invading pathogens.

HIV

Like other viruses, ________ parasitizes specific types of cells- most notably, the helper T cells of the immune system, which is the bodys defense system against disease.

Viruses that reverse

transcribe their genome in this way are called retroviruses ("backward-viruses")

HIV is an example of a virus responsible for an emerging disease

a new illness that suddenly affects significant numbers of individuals in a host population

lateral gene transfer

picking up genes from one organism and shuttling them to another organism of the same species or even a different species

epidemic

to describe a disease that rapidly infects many individuals over a widening area

pandemic

An epidemic of worldwide scope

co-receptor

the viral genome will not be uncoated unless the virion also binds to a second membrane protein

antivirals

Drugs that interfere with viral infection or replication

RNA replicases

function as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

reverse transcriptase

the genome transcribed from RNA to DNA by a viral enzyme

emerging disease

a new illness that suddenly affects significant numbers of individuals in a host population

Latency

In viruses that infect animal cells, the dormant state is called ___.