The Modern State

Patrimonialism

________ and patronage, low levels of pay, and pervasive opportunities for discretionary behavior all contribute to varying but sometimes intense patterns of corruption, thereby subverting the central purpose of the modern state: the promotion of economic growth and welfare (Leftwich, 2005)

Impartial bureaucracies

________, protected from political or sectional interest, are less common in the developing than in the developed world.

supreme jurisdiction

It is a set of ‘ political apparatus, distinct from both ruler and ruled, with ________ over a demarcated area, backed by a claim to a monopoly of coercive power and enjoying legitimacy as a result of a minimum level of support or loyalty from their citizens "(Held, McGrew, Goldblatt and Perraton, 1999)

civil service

The institutions of the modern state are all "public "institutions, and include not only "the government "and legislature (of the day) but also the courts, ________, army, and police, plus any state- owned agencies.

Institutional

________ and political legacies blur the boundaries between public institutions and private interests.

Colonial rule

________ commonly built on, extended, and institutionalized patron- client relations, from top to bottom.

bureaucracy

The ________ is (theoretically) impersonal, impartial and neutral.

impact of states

The ________ upon civil society organizations, especially NGOs, is absolutely central in defining the role they can play in national development, for it is governments which give NGOs the space and the autonomy to organize, network and campaign (Clark, 1998)

Economic inequality

________ combined with the concentration of military power, creates stratified societies.

political agenda

Insidious power; not only involves the manipulation of the ________ but also entails persuading subordinate groups that this agenda is in their real interests.

Scenario

Where A recognizes the right of B to act on their behalf

One type of polity began to emerge in Europe and came to be the dominant political form of the recent and contemporary world

the modern state

The state is locked into an interdependent relationship with civil society

that is, states are socially structured

Experiencing great change; failure of some states to success of others

relationships between the state and civil society are in a flux as a result of changes

Recent construct

modern civil society

Patrimonialism and patronage, low levels of pay, and pervasive opportunities for discretionary behavior all contribute to varying but sometimes intense patterns of corruption, thereby subverting the central purpose of the modern state

the promotion of economic growth and welfare (Leftwich, 2005)

These institutions have become inept, disjointed, and divided agencies of economic growth

whatever economic model is adopted

First dimension of power

This concerns the capacity of an individual or group to achieve a desired end, even if it is opposed by those with contrary interests.

Second dimension of power

Refers to Actors in positions of strength have the capacity to further their interests, not only in the direct sense expressed in the first dimension of power, but also by preventing alternative interests from even being considered.

Third dimension of power

Insidious power; not only involves the manipulation of the political agenda but also entails persuading subordinate groups that this agenda is in their real interests.

Military Power

The use of an organized armed force that is usually employed by the state, it may also be utilized by organized groups who seek to change the way in which a society is governed.

Communicative Power

This concerns the control of ideas and the capacity to shape beliefs, such as the ability of a religious leader to influence the actions of their followers.

Economic Power

This refers to a country's control of their productive force and wealth.

First factor of a state (Wiberian perspective)

The state is a historical agent, its form changes through time.

Second factor of a state (Wiberian perspective)

The state does not stand in isolation; it exists in relation to other states, and is in this sense a geo-political phenomenon.

Third factor of a state (Wiberian perspective)

The state is locked inton an independent relationship with civil society: that is, states are socially structured.

Modern State

“It is a set of ‘political apparatus, distinct from both ruler and ruled, with supreme jurisdiction over a demarcated area, backed by a claim to a monopoly of coercive power and enjoying legitimacy as a result of a minimum level of support or loyalty from their citizens” (Held, McGrew, Goldblatt and Perraton, 1999).

Public Institutions

The institutions of the modern state are all “public” institutions, and include not only “the government” and legislature (of the day) but also the courts, civil service, army, and police, plus any state-owned agencies.

Sovereignty & Hegemony

The institutions of the state and the rules and laws made by it have authority over a particular demarcated geographical area.

Formal Monopoly of Violence

It is when a modern state has a monopoly of the legitimate use of violence, and it is, or should be, the dominant agency of rule and law whether democratic or not, in principle superordinate over all others.

Impartial Bureaucracy

It is when a bureaucracy is (theoretically) impersonal, impartial, and neutral.