European Colonization and the Columbian Exchange

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the Iroquois, European navigational advances, Spanish colonization goals, and the impacts of the Columbian Exchange.

Five Nations

Five huge Indian groups in the North who were able to communicate and had a government structure similar to a United Nations.

Carabelle

A smaller ship developed during the Renaissance featuring a movable rudder connected to a wheel for improved navigation.

Compass

A navigational tool that allowed sailors to find true north and true south, enabling travel despite storms or cloud cover.

Prince Henry the Navigator

A Portuguese figure who trained explorers and is credited with initiating the Portuguese slave trade along the coast of Africa.

Northwest Passage

A sought-after sea route to Asia intended to bypass hostile Arab and Islamic territory to obtain spices and silk.

$$1492$$

The year Christopher Columbus was given startup money by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to find the Northwest Passage.

Mercantilism

The economic idea that there is a limited amount of wealth on the planet, creating a competition among nations to find natural resources first.

Treaty of Tordesillas

An agreement where the Pope divided the Western Hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, giving Portugal control of Africa and Brazil.

Protestant Reformation

A period when countries like England and Germany stopped following the Pope and adopted Protestant religions while still believing in Jesus.

God, Gold, and Glory

The motto for Spanish exploration representing the goals of saving souls for Catholicism, gaining wealth through mercantilism, and achieving national power.

Spanish Missionaries

Men sent by Spain to convert Native Americans to Christianity and Catholicism.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of people, plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and the New World of the Americas.

Capitalism

A free market system that began in Europe as a result of new resources and manufactured goods arriving from the New World.

Feudalism

The social system in Europe prior to the Columbian Exchange where land and resources were controlled by a small percentage of rich overlords.

The Great Dying

A period in which $90^{}\%$ of the Native American population died within $100$ years of European arrival due to disease and violence.

Encomienda system

A labor and organization system used by the Spanish that utilized Native American workers.

Asiento system

A labor and organization system used by the Spanish that utilized African workers.