Med Card Project - NOT COMPLETE

Atorvastatin

Lipitor (Cholesterol-Lowering)

Uses: Hypercholesterolemia, prevention of CVD.

Dental Tx Effects: Muscle pain; pt may need their appt. shortened.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Rosuvastatin

Crestor (Cholesterol-Lowering)

Uses: Hypercholesterolemia, prevention of CVD.

Dental Tx Effects: Muscle pain; pt may need their appt. shortened.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Simvastatin

Zocor (Cholesterol-Lowering)

Uses: Hypercholesterolemia

Dental Tx Effects: Muscle pain, weakness; !!AVOID prescribing certain macrolide antibiotics or azole antifungals; they increase simvastatin levels in the blood which can cause rhabdomyolysis.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Pravastatin

Pravachol (Cholesterol-Lowering)

Uses: Hypercholesterolemia

Dental Tx Effects: Lower risk of drug interactions compared to simvastatin; monitor pt for muscle pain.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Ezetimibe

Zetia (Cholesterol-Lowering)

Uses: Hypercholesterolemia (often used when statins are not tolerated well or need a boost).

Dental Tx Effects: Minimal dental implications and rare reports of angioedema.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Fenofibrate

Tricor/Lipofen (Cholesterol-Lowering)

Uses: Hypercholesterolemia and high triglycerides.

Dental Tx Effects: Can cause mild GI upset, muscle pain, or fatigue; !!If pt is also taking a blood thinner, fenofibrate can increase the bleeding risk.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Lisinopril

Prinivil/Zestril (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, post-myocardial infarction.

Dental Tx Effects: Dizziness when moving too fast, persistent dry cough, dysgeusia, angioedema.

Local Anes. Effects: Epinephrine is safe, but AVOID intravascular injection.

Losartan

Cozar (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension, stroke risk reduction, diabetic neuropathy, kidney disease.

Dental Tx Effects: Orthostatic hypotension or orthostatic changes.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

(HTCZ) Hydrochlorothiazide

Microzide (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension and fluid retention (edema).

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, dental caries risk, thrush, orthostatic hypotension.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Metoprolol

Lopressor/Toprol XL (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension, angina, heart failure, and myocardial infarction prevention.

Dental Tx Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and xerostomia.

Local Anes. Effects: !!Limit to cardiac dose if pt's BP is poorly controlled. This med is a cardioselective beta-blocker, which has a lower risk of reacting with epinephrine.

Amlodipine

Norvasc (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension, coronary heart disease, and angina.

Dental Tx Effects: Gingival hyperplasia, possible orthostatic hypotension; pt must have a strict oral health regimen.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Carvedilol

Coreg (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, post-myocardial infarction.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, mild dry eyes, orthostatic hypotension.

Local Anes. Effects: !!Limit to cardiac dose and AVOID intravascular injection. This med is a non-selective beta-blocker, which can cause an increase in BP.

Atenolol

Tenormin (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension, angina, post-myocardial infarction.

Dental Tx Effects: Mild xerostomia and orthostatic hypotension.

Local Anes. Effects: !!Monitor vitals and avoid epinephrine if BP is elevated.

Clonidine

Catapres (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: ADHD, withdrawal symptoms, hypertension (often used when other drugs fail).

Dental Tx Effects: Severe xerostomia, drowsiness, and orthostatic hypotension.

Local Anes. Effects: !!CAUTION with vasoconstrictors; epinephrine can cause a hypertensive crisis.

Propranolol

Inderal (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension, angina, tremors, anxiety, migraines.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia and orthostatic hypotension

Local Anes. Effects: !!AVOID epinephrine if BP is elevated and limit to cardiac dose. Epinephrine can cause a spike in BP and reflex bradycardia.

(COMBO) Hydrochlorothiazide-Lisinopril

Prinzde/Zestoretic (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension

Dental Tx Effects: Severe xerostomia, presistant dry cough, and severe orthostatic hypotension

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor BP; if BP is unstable, limit to cardiac dose.

(COMBO) Hydrochlorothiazide-Losartan

Hyzaar (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension and stroke risk reduction

Dental Tx Effects: Severe xerostomia, presistant dry cough, and severe orthostatic hypotension

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Olmesartan

Benicar (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension

Dental Tx Effects: Orthostatic hypotension and xerostomia

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Diltiazem

Cardizem/Tiazac (Antihypertensives-BP)

Uses: Hypertension, angina, arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation)

Dental Tx Effects: Gingival hyperplasia, orthostatic hypotension, xerostomia, and altered taste.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor vitals, especially if the pt is taking the med for arrhythmia

Apixaban

Eliquis (Anticoagulant/Antiplatelets)

Uses: Prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation and prevention of deep vein thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism.

Dental Tx Effects: Local hemostatic agents should be on hand. !!AVOID prescribing aspirin or NSAIDs; use acetaminophen.

Local Anes. Effects: !!AVOID deep blocks (IAN)

Clopidogrel

Plavix (Anticoagulant/Antiplatelets)

Uses: Stroke prevention, myocardial infarction, and blood clots in pts with stents.

Dental Tx Effects: Prolongs bleeding time; !!AVOID aspirin and NSAIDs.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but use caution with deep blocks.

Warfarin

Coumadin (Anticoagulant/Antiplatelets)

Uses: Blood clot prevention, atrial fibrillation, and prosthetic heart valves.

Dental Tx Effects: High bleeding risk; check pts' INR value before treatment - must be 2.0-3.0 !!AVOID aspirin and NSAIDs.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but if INR is elevated, deep blocks should be avoided; use infiltration anesthesia if possible.

Rivaroxaban

Xarelto (Anticoagulant/Antiplatelets)

Uses: Stroke prevention, DVT/PE prevention and treatment.

Dental Tx Effects: Increased bleeding risk; utilize local hemostasis; !!AVOID aspirin and NSAIDs.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but use caution with deep blocks to minimize hematoma risk.

Aspirin

Ecotrin/Bayer (Anticoagulant/Antiplatelets)

Uses: Antiplatlet therapy for prevention of a stroke or heart attack.

Dental Tx Effects: Prolonged bleeding time and xerostomia

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Furosemide

Lasix (Diuretic- Fluid Retention)

Uses: Edema from heart failure or kidney disease, hypertension.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension; pt may need multiple bathroom breaks.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Spironolactone

Aldactone (Diuretic- Fluid Retention)

Uses: Heart failure, hypertension, edema, primary hyperaldosteronism.

Dental Tx Effects: Potassium-sparing diuretic; can cause mild xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Potassium Chloride

K-dur/K-tab (Diuretic- Fluid Retention)

Uses: Prevention/treatment of hypokalemia (low potassium levels caused by diuretics like furosemide or HCTZ).

Dental Tx Effects: Check for xerostomia and monitor BP.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Sertraline

Zoloft (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: MDD, OCD, panic disorder, PTSD, social anxiety.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, bruxism, clenching risk, slight bleeding risk.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Escitalopram

Lexapro (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: MDD, GAD

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, taste alterattions, bruxism, prolonged bleeding.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Fluoxetine

Prozac (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: MDD, OCD, bulimia, panic disorder

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, bruxism, stomatitis. Strongly inhibits liver enzymes, which can make opioid pain relievers like codeine or hydrocodone less effective.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Trazodone

Desyrel (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: Depression; heavily prescribed off-label for insomnia.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, prolonged drowsiness. !!Watch for over sedation if combined with nitrous oxide or dental sedatives.

Local Anes. Effects: !!Caution with epinephrine; mild alpha-blocking, might cause hypotension if large amounts are injected.

Duloxetine

Cymbalta (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: MDD, GAD, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain, diabetic neuropathy.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, sweating, bruxism, and dizziness.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor BP.

Bupropion

Wellbutrin/Zyban (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: MDD, SAD, and smoking cessations.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, altered taste, headache, risk of stomatitis.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Citalopram

Celexa (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: MDD

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, bruxism, caries risk; can prolong the QT interval (heart rhythm) - check cardiac history.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Venlafaxine

Effexor XR (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: MDD, GAD, panic disorder, and social anxiety.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, bruxism, altered taste - can cause an increase in BP.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor vitals.

Paroxetine

Paxil (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: MDD, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety, PTSD, GAD.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, severe bruxism, and nausea.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Amitriptyline

Elavil/Vanatrip (Antidepressants-CNS)

Uses: Depression, chronic neuropathy pain prevention, migraine prophylaxis.

Dental Tx Effects: High caries risk, xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, altered taste, stomatitis.

Local Anes. Effects: TAC!! - blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and epinephrine causing a spike in BP; Limit to cardian dose.

Alprazolam

Xanax (Anti-Anxiety/Sedatives)

Uses: Anxiety and panic disorders.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, drowsiness, decreased psychomotor performance. !! Enhanced sedation if combined with nitrous oxide, oral sedation, or opioid analgesics.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Lorazepam

Ativan (Anti-Anxiety/Sedatives)

Uses: Anxiety, insomnia, status epileptics (seizures), pre-anesthetic medication.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, drowsiness, risk of respritory depression if combined with other downers - good for managing dental phobia.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Clonazepam

Klonopin (Anti-Anxiety/Sedatives)

Uses: Panic and seizure disorders.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, drowsiness, coordination issues, hyper salivation; monitor for respritory depression.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Hydroxyzine (AA/S)

Atarax/Vistaril (Anti-Anxiety/Sedatives)

Uses: Anxiety, pruritic, allergic reactions, preoperative sedation.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, drowsiness, sedation, reduces dental anxiety.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Buspirone

Buspar (Anti-Anxiety/Sedatives)

Uses: GAD

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia and dizziness.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Zolpidem

Ambien (Anti-Anxiety/Sedatives)

Uses: Insomnia (temporary use)

Dental Tx Effects: Morning drowsiness, xerostomia, and balance issues.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Quetiapine

Seroquel (Antipsychotics/Mood Stabilizers)

Uses: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and MDD.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, involuntary movements.

Local Anes. Effects: Epinephrine can cause a hypotension crisis due to alpha-1 adrenergic blocking - use with caution. !!Avoid intravascular injection.

Lamotrigine

Lamictal (Antipsychotics/Mood Stabilizers)

Uses: Epilepsy and bipolar disorder.

Dental Tx Effects: Dizziness, ataxia, risk of stomatitis or Stevens-Johnsons Syndrome.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Topiramate

Topamax (Antipsychotics/Mood Stabilizers)

Uses: Seizure prevention and migraines.

Dental Tx Effects: Altered taste, gingivitis, xerostomia, slowing psychomotor activity.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine

Adderall (Stimulants/ADHD)

Uses: ADHD and narcolepsy.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, bruxism, clenching, attrition, and elevated vitals.

Local Anes. Effects: Central adrengeic stimulant; epinephrine can cause cadriovascular effects. !!Don't administer local anesthesia if the pt took this medication before the appointment.

Methylphenidate

Ritalin/Concerta (Stimulants/ADHD)

Uses: ADHD and narcolepsy.

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, bruxism, nervousness, high caries risk, and high heart rate.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor vitals. !!AVOID intravascular injection.

Lisdexamfetamine

Vyvanse (Stimulants/ADHD)

Uses: ADHD and binge ED.

Dental Tx Effects: Prodrug converted to dextroamphetamine, xerostomia, bruxism, clenching, and elevated vitals.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but limit to cardiac dose and monitor vitals.

Metformin

Glucophage (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 2

Dental Tx Effects: Metallic taste, GI distress, nausea, slow wound healing, increased perio risk. Ensure pt ate before tx.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor vitals

Insulin Glargine

Lantus/Toujeo (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 1 and 2 (long-acting).

Dental Tx Effects: Hypoglycemia, sweating, tremors, slow wound healing.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but limit epinephrine to cardiac dose and monitor vitals.

Insulin Lispro

Humalog (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 1 and 2 (rapid-acting).

Dental Tx Effects: Onset is 15 minutes; hypoglycemia; delayed risk; schedule pts in the morning.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor vitals.

Insulin Aspart

Novolog (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 1 and 2 (rapid-acting).

Dental Tx Effects: Rapid onset; watch for hypoglycemia.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor vitals.

Glipizide

Glucotrol (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 2 (sulfonylurea class).

Dental Tx Effects: Stimulates insulin secretion, moderate risk of hypoglycemia.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor vitals.

Glimepiride

Amaryl (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 2 (sulfonylurea class).

Dental Tx Effects: Risk of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, heavy plaque, and bleeding.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but monitor vitals.

Empagliflozin

Jardiance (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 2 diabetes and heart failure reduction.

Dental Tx Effects: Excretes glucose via urine, low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone, but causes increased urination and xerostomia.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Sitagliptin

Januvia (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 2

Dental Tx Effects: Low risk of isolated hypoglycemia, upper respiratory tract symptoms, or mild xerostomia; follow standard diabetic protocols.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Dulaglutide

Trulicity (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular event reduction.

Dental Tx Effects: Delays gastric emptying, leading to frequent nausea, vomiting, GERD, and dental erosion.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Semoglutide

Ozempic/Wegovy/Rybelsus (Diabetes)

Uses: Type 2 diabetes and weight management.

Dental Tx Effects: Similar to Dulaglutide; delayed gastric emptying, nausea, vomiting, and dental erosion.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Levothyroxine

Synthroid/Levoxyl (Thyroid Hormone)

Uses: Hypothyroidism

Dental Tx Effects: If pt is healthy, no concerns. If pt is unhealthy, they may show signs of macroglossia, delayed tooth eruption, and a sensitivity to CNS meds.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe if pt has normal thyroid levels; if levels are abnormal, AVOID epinephrine as it could cause a thyroid storm.

Estradiol

Estrace/Climara (Hormonal)

Uses: Menopause symptoms, estrogen replacement therapy, and oncology

Dental Tx Effects: Gingival inflammation, bleeding, and increased dry socket risk.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Ethinyl Estradiol/Norethindrone

Loestran/Junel/Microgestin (Hormonal)

Uses: Birth control, acne, and endometriosis.

Dental Tx Effects: Hyperplasticity or bleeding gums due to hormonal shifts, and increased risk of dry socket.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Ethinyl Estradiol/Norgestimate

Ortho Tri-cyclen/Sprintec (Hormonal)

Uses: Birth control

Dental Tx Effects: Gingival inflammation, bleeding gums, and increased dry socket risk.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Ergocalciferol

Calciferol/Drisdol (VIT. D2) (Endocrine Vitamin)

Uses: Vitamin D deficiency and hypoparathyroidism.

Dental Tx Effects: Essential for calcium absorption and enamel hypoplasia.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Cholecalciferol

Delta-D (VIT. D3) (Endocrine Vitamin)

Uses: Vitamin D deficiency and bone health support.

Dental Tx Effects: Vital to maintain strong alveolar bone and perio healing.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Folic Acid

Folvite (VIT. B9) (Endocrine Vitamin)

Uses: Anemia, dietary, and prenatal care to prevent neural tube defects.

Dental Tx Effects: Aphthous ulcers, glossitis, and angular cheilitis.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Finasteride

Proscar/Propecia (Endocrine)

Uses: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH/enlarged prostate) and male pattern baldness.

Dental Tx Effects: Minimal oral side effects and dizziness.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions.

Albterol

ProAir HFA/Ventolin HFA/Proventil (Asthma/COPD inhalers)

Uses: Asthma, COPD (short-acting bronchodilator/rescue inhaler).

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, increased caries risk, nervousness, tachycardia, and possibility of an acute bronchospasm.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but avoid anesthetics with sulfites - check if pt is allergic.

Fluticasone

Flonase-nasal/Flovent-inhaler (Asthma/COPD inhalers)

Uses: Allergic rhinitis, asthma maintenance (inhaled corticosteroid).

Dental Tx Effects: Xerostomia, thrush, and sore throat.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, no precautions

Fluticasone/Salmerterol

Advair Diskus (Asthma/COPD inhalers)

Uses: Asthma and COPD maintenance (inhaled).

Dental Tx Effects: Thrush, high caries risk, and xerostomia.

Local Anes. Effects: Safe, but contains a long-acting beta agonist; use epinephrine judiciously to avoid excessive cardiovascular stimulation.

Budesonide/Formoterol

Symbicort (Asthma/COPD inhalers)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Montelukast

Singulair (Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Cetirizine

Zyrtec (Antihistamines)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Loratadine

Claritin (Antihistamines)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Hydroxyzine (AH)

Atarax/Vistaril (Antihistamines)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Meloxican

Mobic (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Ibuprofen

Advil/Motrin (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Diclofenac

Voltaren/Cataflam (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Naproxen

Aleve/Naprosyn (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Celecoxib

Celebrex (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Acetaminophen/Hydrocodone

Vicodin/Norco/Lortab (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Acetaminophen/Oxycodone

Percocet/Roxicet (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Tramadol

Ultram (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Aspirin (NSAID/A)

Bayer (NSAIDs/Analgesics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Gabapentin

Neurotin (Neuropathic pain/Seizures)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Pregabalin

Lyrica (Neuropathic pain/Seizures)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Cyclobenzaprine

Flexeril (Muscle Relaxants)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Tizanideine

Zanaflex (Muscle Relaxants)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Omeprazole

Prilosec (GERD/Acid Reducers)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Pantoprazole

Protonix (GERD/Acid Reducers)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Famotidine

Pepcid (GERD/Acid Reducers)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Ondansetron

Zofran (Antiemetic)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Amoxicillin

Amoxil (Antibiotics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Azithromycin

Zithromax/Z-pak (Antibiotics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Doxycycline

Vibramycin/Periostat (Antibiotics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate

Augmentin (Antibiotics)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Latanoprost

Xalatan (Ophthalmic/Glaucoma)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Tamsulosin

Flomax (Urology/BPH)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects:

Sumatriptan

Imitrex (Migraines)

Uses:

Dental Tx Effects:

Local Anes. Effects: