The Origins and Influences of Urbanization

These flashcards cover the key concepts and influences of urbanization as discussed in the lecture notes.

What are the main factors that influence urbanization?

Site and situation, transportation and communication, population growth, migration, economic development, and government policies.

What site factors influence the growth of cities?

Climate, landforms, availability of water, soil fertility, and other physical factors.

What is the significance of transportation networks in urbanization?

They provide means for raw materials to reach factories, goods to get to markets, and workers to access jobs.

What was the Sail-Wagon Epoch?

The first stage of American urbanization (1790-1830), where cities were clustered near the Atlantic coast and river access was crucial.

What impact did the Iron Horse Epoch have on urbanization?

Steam-driven railroads allowed for rapid expansion into surrounding regions and connected cities to industrial sites.

How did transcontinental railways affect urban growth during the Steel Rail Epoch?

They allowed industrial centers to grow while river cities like New Orleans declined.

What characterized the Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch?

Decline of railroads and expansion of cities due to cars and increased airport hub development.

What are favelas, and what conditions lead to their development?

Slums characterized by inadequate housing, lack of access to water and sanitation, arising from rapid urbanization and population growth.

What role do government policies play in urbanization?

Governments attract businesses by offering tax incentives, creating industrial parks, and improving infrastructure.

What is a forward capital?

A capital city that is relocated to improve infrastructure and reduce congestion, such as Brazil's Brasilia replacing Rio de Janeiro.