Ethical Issues in Healthcare (copy)

Respect for autonomy

obtain the wishes of the patient so that their autonomy can be protected

Beneficence

to seek to act in the patient’s best interest

Non-maleficence

designate harm and determine how to avoid it

Justice

navigate due process to determine where the limits on healthcare lie

Individual Rights

It is defined as the freedom to act, work, and behave without retribution bestowed upon members of an organization through legal, regulatory and societal standards

Social Rights

These are rights arising from the social contract, in contrast to natural rights which arise from the natural law

Social Rights

This assures that the public receives equal distribution of collective and private interests

Culture

Defined as the shared ideas, meanings, and values acquired by individuals as members of society

Cultural Considerations

Defined as the degree to which cultural awareness plays a role in interactions with a particular cultural group

Economic Considerations

It means any payments, fees, reimbursement for expenses, gifts, or anything else of value, provided that "economic consideration" does not include salary, wages or benefits furnished by a federal, state or local government agency

Economic Considerations

The factors associated with the purchase or manufacture of a product or asset that relate to life cycle cost

Scarcity

Refers when the demand for a resource is greater than the supply of that resource, as resources are limited. Its resource, limited due to natural phenomena or to technical reasons

Access to Quality Healthcare

Increase access to comprehensive, high-quality health care services

Human Experimentation

When the physician's departure from standard medical practice of treatment for the purpose of obtaining new knowledge or testing a scientific hypothesis on human subjects

Areas of End-of-life issues

physical comfort, mental and emotional needs, spiritual needs, and practical tasks

Ethical Research

It is the moral principles that guide researchers to conduct and report research without deception or intention to harm the participants of the study or members of the society as a whole, whether knowingly or unknowingly

Ethical Research

This involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to research activities which include the design and implementation of research, respect towards society and others, the use of resources and research outputs, scientific misconduct and the regulation of research

Example of end-of-life issues

resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, artificial nutrition and hydration, terminal sedation, withholding and withdrawing treatments, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide

3 basic ethical principles governing human objects

Respect, beneficence, justice

Examples of scarce resources

Land, water, labor, health care, fixed supply of roads

Examples of cultural considerations

Language barriers, Unfamiliarity with the concept of palliative care/hospice settings, Distrust of health care services/clinicians, Personal experiences/past trauma, Religious differences, Belief in alternative medicines, Fear of the unknown

Examples of social rights

Right to Health, Right to Access to Quality Public Health Care, Right to Healthy and Safe Workplace, Right to Prevention and Education Programs

Examples of individual rights

Constitutional Rights, Civil Rights, Political Rights, Economic Rights, Social Rights, Cultural rights

5 ethical issues

Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Orders, Patient Confidentiality, Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccinations, Healthcare Accessibility, Allocating Limited Donor Organs, Medications and Tools of Support

Ethical Issues

Everyone has a personal code of ethics that evolves based on their cultural and environmental background; Professionals have code of ethics which patterns behavior when working within the scope of the profession; This is to maximize the patient wellness; RT must maintain dignity and sense of self-worth