Malolos Convention + Bill of Rights- History Finals

What are Civil Rights in the context of the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Rights that protect your safety and freedom. Explanation: Civil rights, like the right to life, privacy, and property, were included in Title IV to ensure a civilized life free from fear, addressing abuses like arbitrary arrests under Spanish rule.

What are Political Rights in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Rights that let you participate in government. Explanation: Title IV protected rights like voting and running for office, enabling Filipinos to shape their government and reflecting the principle of popular sovereignty.

What are Economic Rights according to the document?

Answer: Rights ensuring basic needs like work and fair wages. Explanation: Though not explicitly detailed, the Malolos Constitution’s focus on general welfare implied support for economic rights to promote citizens’ livelihoods and progress.

What are Social/Cultural Rights in the document?

Answer: Rights to education, health, and cultural participation. Explanation: The Malolos Constitution indirectly supported these through its emphasis on liberty and equality, fostering a society where all could access these benefits.

What are Natural Rights as described in the document?

Answer: Universal rights you’re born with. Explanation: Title IV was grounded in natural rights like life and liberty, seen as inalienable and inspired by Enlightenment ideas, ensuring they could not be taken away.

What are Moral Rights in the context of the document?

Answer: Rights based on ethics, not enforceable by law. Explanation: These, like a teacher’s right to respect, were not explicitly in the Malolos Constitution but influenced its ethical foundation for a just society.

What are Legal Rights in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Rights guaranteed by the constitution or laws. Explanation: Title IV codified legal rights like freedom of speech and fair trials, enforceable by the republic’s courts to protect citizens.

What is the Right to Life, Liberty, and Property in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: You cannot lose these without a fair process. Explanation: Title IV protected these to prevent arbitrary actions, like summary executions under Spanish rule, ensuring due process.

What is Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: You can express ideas, publish, and gather peacefully. Explanation: Title IV ensured Filipinos could voice concerns and organize, countering colonial censorship and supporting democracy.

What is Freedom of Religion in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: You can choose your beliefs without government interference. Explanation: Article 5 separated church and state, preventing the Catholic Church’s dominance and ensuring religious equality.

What is the Right to Privacy in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Your communications and home are protected. Explanation: Title IV safeguarded privacy against unauthorized searches, addressing colonial practices like warrantless intrusions.

What is Protection from Unfair Arrests in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: No unreasonable searches or seizures; rights during investigations. Explanation: Title IV prevented arbitrary arrests, responding to abuses noted in the 1898 Philippine Declaration of Independence.

What is the Right to a Fair Trial in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Presumed innocent, can face accusers, no self-incrimination. Explanation: Title IV ensured fair legal processes, countering Spanish practices of unfair trials and forced confessions.

What is No Cruel Punishment in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Torture or inhumane penalties are banned. Explanation: Title IV prohibited cruel treatment, reflecting a commitment to humane governance and protection from colonial tortures.

What is No Double Jeopardy in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: You cannot be tried twice for the same crime. Explanation: Title IV protected against repeated prosecutions, ensuring fairness and preventing legal harassment.

What is the Right to Vote and Participate in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Citizens can vote and engage in politics. Explanation: Title IV and the National Assembly structure empowered citizens to shape their government, embodying popular sovereignty.

What was the purpose of the Malolos Convention?

Answer: To draft the first Philippine Constitution. Explanation: Held in 1899 in Malolos, Bulacan, it aimed to create a legal framework for an independent republic, reflecting the people’s will.

Who were the key figures in the Malolos Convention?

Answer: Felipe Calderon, Cayetano Arellano, Apolinario Mabini. Explanation: Calderon led the drafting, Arellano assisted, and Mabini reviewed, ensuring a robust democratic constitution.

How did the Malolos Convention ensure democratic principles?

Answer: Through popular sovereignty and separation of powers. Explanation: The constitution gave power to the people (Article 3) and divided government into three branches to prevent abuse.

Why was the Malolos Constitution significant for Asia?

Answer: It was the first republican constitution in Asia. Explanation: It proved Filipino capability for self-governance, inspiring other Asian independence movements.

What challenges did the Malolos Convention face?

Answer: Colonial resistance and internal debates. Explanation: The convention faced threats from the Philippine-American War and internal disagreements, like Mabini’s objections, requiring revisions.

Who was the main leader of the committee that drafted the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Felipe Calderon. Explanation: Felipe Calderon headed the committee that drafted the Malolos Constitution in 1899, with assistance from Cayetano Arellano. This was the first republican constitution in Asia, created by Filipino representatives.

Who assisted in drafting the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Cayetano Arellano. Explanation: Cayetano Arellano aided Felipe Calderon in drafting the constitution, contributing to its legal framework inspired by various international constitutions.

What was the role of Apolinario Mabini in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: He reviewed and suggested changes. Explanation: Apolinario Mabini reviewed the draft and proposed minor revisions to ensure the constitution aligned with the vision of a democratic republic. His objections led to refinements before the final draft was presented to Emilio Aguinaldo.

Which countries’ constitutions influenced the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil, Belgium, France, and Spain. Explanation: The Malolos Constitution drew inspiration from these countries’ charters, particularly the Spanish Constitution of 1812, due to shared social and political conditions. The French Constitution of 1793 also influenced its emphasis on popular sovereignty.

What type of government did the Malolos Constitution establish?

Answer: Democratic republican government. Explanation: The constitution created a democratic republic with three branches—executive, legislative, and judicial—emphasizing the separation of powers and the will of the people.

What are the three branches of government under the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Explanation: The Malolos Constitution divided government powers into the Executive (led by the President), Legislative (National Assembly), and Judicial (Supreme Court and lower courts) to ensure no single branch held too much power.

Who held the executive powers in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: The President, with the help of his cabinet. Explanation: The President exercised executive powers, supported by a Council of Government (cabinet), which was responsible to the legislature, reflecting a parliamentary-style system.

What was the role of the Supreme Court in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: It held judicial powers. Explanation: The Supreme Court, along with lower courts, was responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring justice. The Chief Justice was elected by the legislature with the President’s approval.

How was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court chosen?

Answer: Elected by the legislature with the concurrence of the President and his Cabinet. Explanation: This process ensured a balance of power, as the legislature and executive collaborated to appoint the head of the judiciary, preventing any single branch from dominating.

What is the Spanish Constitution of 1812, and how did it influence the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: A liberal constitution that inspired the Malolos Constitution’s style. Explanation: The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was a model for many Latin American charters and influenced the Malolos Constitution’s structure and emphasis on civil liberties, reflecting shared historical and cultural ties.

What is the retroversion of sovereignty in the context of the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: The principle that sovereignty returns to the people when colonial rule is unjust. Explanation: This idea, rooted in the Spanish American wars of independence, supported the Philippine Revolution and was a basis for Article 4, emphasizing that the people hold ultimate power.

What is popular sovereignty, as mentioned in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: The idea that the people hold ultimate power. Explanation: Article 3 states that sovereignty resides exclusively in the people, a core principle of the Malolos Constitution, influenced by the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the U.S. Constitution.

What does separation of church and state mean in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: The government cannot favor any religion. Explanation: Article 5 ensures freedom and equality of all religions, preventing the church from controlling state affairs, a response to Spanish colonial influence where the church held significant power.

What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793, and how did it influence the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: A French document emphasizing people’s rights. Explanation: This declaration influenced Article 4 of the Malolos Constitution, promoting the idea that the government serves the people, who retain actual sovereignty.

What rights are listed in Title IV of the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Civil liberties, negative liberties, and protections against self-incrimination and unfair criminal procedures. Explanation: Title IV’s 27 articles protect freedoms like speech, religion, and association, and ensure fair treatment in legal processes, responding to abuses under Spanish rule.

What is the Philippine Declaration of Independence referenced in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: A document from June 12, 1898, proclaiming independence. Explanation: It inspired Title IV’s rights, addressing abuses like unfair arrests and trials mentioned in the declaration, ensuring these would not happen under the new republic.

What is the Spanish Constitution of 1869, and how did it influence the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: A liberal charter that inspired Filipino rights. Explanation: This constitution influenced the Malolos Constitution’s civil and political rights, reflecting liberal ideas that shaped Filipino nationalism through figures like José Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar.

What is interpellation in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: The right of representatives to question the executive branch. Explanation: Title V, Article 50 allows National Assembly members to directly question Secretaries during Question Periods, ensuring accountability in a responsible government system.

What is a Responsible Government in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: A system where the executive is accountable to the legislature. Explanation: The President and Secretaries (Council of Government) must answer to the National Assembly, which can censure them, ensuring the government serves the people’s will.

What is the National Assembly in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: The unicameral legislature that makes laws. Explanation: It holds legislative power, can question the executive (interpellation), and has the right of censure, ensuring checks on the government’s actions.

What is the Council of Government in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: The President’s cabinet, led by the President of the Council. Explanation: Title VII, Article 56 describes it as a group of Secretaries assisting the President, collectively responsible to the National Assembly for government policies.

What is the Permanent Commission in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: A group of seven representatives making decisions when the National Assembly is in recess. Explanation: It handles urgent matters, such as legal actions against officials or convening the Assembly, ensuring governance continues when the legislature is not in session.

What are civil rights as described in the context of the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Rights protecting safety and freedom. Explanation: These include the right to life, liberty, security, privacy, and property, essential for a civilized life free from fear or oppression, as outlined in the document.

What are political rights in the context of the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Rights allowing participation in government. Explanation: These include the right to vote, run for office, hold government positions, and criticize the government, enabling citizens to shape the country’s administration.

What are economic rights mentioned in the document?

Answer: Rights ensuring basic economic needs. Explanation: These include the right to work, fair wages, and reasonable working hours, vital for economic and political progress, as highlighted in the Malolos Constitution’s principles.

What are natural rights according to the document?

Answer: Universal rights inherent to all people. Explanation: These rights, like life and liberty, exist naturally, are not man-made, and cannot be taken away, forming the basis for the Malolos Constitution’s protections.

What are moral rights as described in the document?

Answer: Rights based on ethics and societal norms. Explanation: These depend on community standards, like a teacher’s right to respect, but are not legally enforceable, only supported by public opinion.

What are legal/constitutional rights in the context of the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Rights guaranteed by the state and constitution. Explanation: These include rights like voting or a fair trial, enforced by courts and police, as embodied in the Malolos Constitution’s Title IV.

What is the main purpose of the Malolos Convention?

Answer: To draft the first Philippine Constitution. Explanation: The convention in Malolos, Bulacan, in 1899 aimed to create a legal framework for an independent Philippine Republic, reflecting the people’s will.

Why was the Malolos Constitution significant for Asia?

Answer: It was the first republican constitution in Asia. Explanation: It marked a historic achievement, showing that Filipinos could establish a democratic government, influencing future independence movements in the region.

What was the key principle of sovereignty in the Malolos Constitution?

Answer: Sovereignty resides exclusively in the people. Explanation: Article 3 emphasizes that the people are the source of all government power, a revolutionary idea challenging colonial authority.

How did the Malolos Constitution ensure checks and balances?

Answer: Through separation of powers and responsible government. Explanation: The three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) were kept separate, and the executive was accountable to the legislature, preventing any single branch from dominating.

What was the purpose of the Malolos Convention?

• Answer: To draft the first Philippine Constitution for an independent republic.

• Explanation: Held in Malolos, Bulacan, in 1899, the convention aimed to establish a legal framework for the Philippine Republic, reflecting the people’s will and asserting independence from Spanish rule. It was a landmark event in Filipino self-governance.

Who were the key figures in the Malolos Convention?

• Answer: Felipe Calderon, Cayetano Arellano, and Apolinario Mabini.

• Explanation: Calderon led the drafting committee, Arellano assisted, and Mabini reviewed the draft, ensuring the constitution was robust and aligned with democratic principles. Their collaboration was crucial to its creation.

How did the Malolos Convention ensure democratic principles?

• Answer: By emphasizing popular sovereignty and separation of powers.

• Explanation: The convention crafted a constitution where the people held ultimate power (Article 3) and divided government into three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) to prevent abuse, ensuring a democratic system.

Why was the Malolos Constitution significant for the Philippines and Asia?

• Answer: It was the first republican constitution in Asia, proving Filipino capability for self-governance.

• Explanation: The constitution showcased Filipino determination to establish a democratic government, inspiring other Asian independence movements and marking a historic step toward sovereignty.

What challenges did the Malolos Convention face?

• Answer: Resistance from colonial powers and internal debates.

• Explanation: The convention faced external threats from the impending Philippine-American War and internal disagreements, such as Mabini’s objections to certain provisions, which required revisions to finalize the draft.