Unit 2: Characteristics of Life & Cell Structure
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Last updated 2:39 AM on 4/13/25
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29 Terms
1
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How many cells do unicellular organisms have?
One
2
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What is the orderly structure in living things from simplest to complex?
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems
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What two processes define how organisms grow and change?
Growth and Development
4
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What is the term for all chemical reactions used to convert energy in organisms?
Metabolism
5
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What is the ability of an organism to maintain internal stability?
Homeostasis
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What does a living organism do in response to environmental change?
Respond to stimuli
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What are the two main types of reproduction?
Sexual and Asexual
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What process describes genetic changes in populations over time?
Evolution and Adaptation
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What kind of cell lacks a nucleus?
Prokaryotic cell
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What kind of cell contains a nucleus and organelles?
Eukaryotic cell
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What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores DNA and controls cell activities
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What organelle produces energy through cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
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What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosome
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What organelle processes and transports proteins and lipids?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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What organelle modifies
packages
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What is the function of lysosomes?
Break down waste
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What part of the cell controls what enters and exits?
Cell membrane
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What structure gives plant cells extra protection and support?
Cell wall
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What is the function of vacuoles?
Store water
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What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
It swells
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What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?
It stays the same
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What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks
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What is the function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
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Where are chloroplasts found?
Plant cells
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What theory explains how mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes?
Endosymbiotic theory
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Name one piece of evidence for the endosymbiotic theory.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA
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How do mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce?
Independently
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How many membranes do mitochondria and chloroplasts have?
Two (double membrane)
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Which is the basic unit of life?
Cell
Flashcards (78)