transcription & translation

What is the process of making RNA from DNA called?

Transcription

What is the process of making proteins from RNA called?

Translation

Where is DNA located in a cell?

In the nucleus

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Ribosomes make proteins using mRNA as a guide.

What is RNA's role in relation to DNA?

RNA is a portable copy of DNA that is transported to ribosomes.

Why can't DNA leave the nucleus?

DNA is too valuable and needs to stay safe.

What structure does DNA resemble?

A spiral staircase.

What are the building blocks of DNA called?

Nucleotides.

Which nucleotides pair together in DNA?

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

What is the function of mRNA?

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

What enzyme cuts DNA during transcription?

DNA helicase.

What enzyme synthesizes mRNA from the DNA template?

RNA polymerase.

What nucleotide does mRNA have instead of thymine?

Uracil.

What is a codon?

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

tRNA carries amino acids and matches them to codons on the mRNA.

What happens when the ribosome encounters a stop codon?

The protein synthesis process is completed.

What are amino acids?

The building blocks of proteins.

How does mRNA exit the nucleus?

Through nuclear pores.