MODULE 1

GROUP 1-A

Most reactive metal group

Lithium

Highest Melting Point

Francium

Lowest Melting Point

Hydrogen

aka Inflammable Air

Hydrogen

Lightest Element; discovered by Henry Cavendish

Protium

Most abundant and stable isotope of H2O. Present in water

Deuterium

aka: Heavy Hydrogen; Present in heavy water. Used as a solvent in NMR Spestroscopy

Helium

Tritium is Isotope of Hydrogen which is radioactive; It undergoes beta decay to yield

Hairy Tongue Syndrome

Hydrogen Peroxide adverse reaction

9%-12%

3% = 10vol - Red label - used directly on wound

6% = 20vol - Blue label - diluted with water in 1:1 ratio

Concentration of Hydrogen peroxide in bleacing or hair dye

Agua oxinada

Oxygenated Acid or Water

Thenard's Oxygenated Acid

Other name for Hydrogen Peroxide

Chalybeate

Type of water impregnated with Fe salts; ferruginous taste

Answer: Saline

Alkaline- contains: NA2SO4, MGSO4, NAHCO3

aka purgative water. Contains:

NA2SO4, MGSO4, NACL

Answer: Temporary

Permanent: caused by sulfates, hydroxides, & Chlorides. Removed by IDD- ion exchange resin, deionization, desalination

Hardness of water caused by bicarbonate salts.

Removed by: BLAP - Boiling, Lime process, Alkalinification, Purification

Purified Water

Water of choice for extemporaneous compounding

Gasping Syndrome

Adverse Reaction of Bacteriostatic Water for Injection.

BWFI = Sterile water + benzyl alcohol

Ebstein anomaly (heart malformation)

Lithium adverse drug reaction.

Lithium Hydroxide

CO2 absorber for space flights

Sodium

Cation of choice to optimize the pharmaceutical utility of organic medicaments

Zn - acetate - (+) pale yellow ppt

Co - uranyl acetate - (+) golden ppt

Mg - acetate

Triple Acetate Salt in Grvimetric Determinatiij

Sodium Bicarbonate

Drug of Choice for systemic acidosis. WOF: Rebound hyperacidity

Contraindicated in patients with Hypertension

Answer: Sodium Carbonate

Dihydrate- aka Trona, Urao

Decahydrate- aka washing soda, sal soda, soda crystal

Form of Sodium Carbonate also known as Soda ash, Calcined soda

Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate

aka Fleet Enema; urinary acidifier of methenamine for cystitis

Sodium Fluoride

Anticariogenic at 2% solution applied q.i.d; stimulates bone formation

WOF: dental fluorosis

Answer: Dakin's solution

Modified Dakin's Solution- 0.025%

Labarraque Solution-4-6% (disinfectant & sanitizer)

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE PREPARATION; 0.5% wound antiseptic

NaI-131

Treatment for hyperthyroidism

Answer: Sodium Nitrite

aka Philippine salitre

1. Amyl nitrite - inhaled

2. Sodium Nitrite- IV

3. Sodium Thiosulfate- IV

Eli Lilly Kit for Cyanide Poisoning contains

Sodium Nitrate

aka Chile saltpeter; it is a meat preservative

Sodium Thiosulfate

aka Photographer's Hypo, Prismatic rice

Sodium Sulfate

aka Glauber's Salt, Sal Mirabile

Sodium Metabisulfite

Antioxidant for epinephrine injection

Sodium tartrate dihydrate

Primary standard for Karl Fisher Reagent

Sodium Hydroxide

aka caustic soda, liquid soda, sosa lye

Answer: Potassium

Top Food abundant in potassium

1. Avocado

2. Banana

First metal isolated by electrolysis

Potassium Bitartrate

aka: cream of tartar and is ingredient in baking powder with NAHCO3

Potassium Chloride

Preffered salt to correct hypokalemia via IV infusion

KCL- induces cardiac arrest

Na Thiopental - induces sleep

Pancuronium bromide- induces paralysis

Component of Lethal Injection

Answer: KCL, NACL, CACl2

Lactated Ringer's Solution: Ringer's solution + Na lactate

Ringer’ Solution

Potassium Permanganate

aka Mineral Chameleon; Antiseptic at 0.01-1%, wet dressing for third degree burn, and a strong oxidizer.

Potassium Sodium tartrate

aka Rochelle Salt and a sequestering agent in Fehling's B; Ingredient in Seidlitz powder

Potassium Nitrate

aka saltpeter, salitre, salt prunelle; tooth desensitizing agent at 5% conc. in new Sensodyne formulation

Potassium Carbonate

aka salt of peter, , Salt of wormwood, Pearl Ash

Potassium Diformate

strong antimicrobial agent used in veterinary medicine, incorporated in animal feed

Answer: Cesium

Cs toxicity is managed with Prussian Blue(Radiogardase)

First Element Discovered by Spectroscopy-Kirchoff Bunsen Spec.

Ammonium Carbonate

aka sal volatile, Baker's ammonia; respiratory stimulant for athletes

Answer: 16° Ammonia

Household ammonia: 10% NH3 + hydrogen

Strong ammonia solution: 27-31% NH3

aka degrees baume, contains 10% NH3

Beryllium

most toxic metal

Magnesium

Present in Chlorophyll and Grignards Reagent

Magnesium Hydroxide

aka Milk of Magnesia(MOM), magnesium magma

storage: blue bottle kaya MAMA MO BLUE

Activated Charcoal, Tannic acid, Magnesium Oxide

Component of the universal antidote