Regulation of Hematopoiesis - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the Regulation of Hematopoiesis lecture notes (cell types, progenitors, processes, and growth factors).

Hematopoiesis

Production of blood cells; regulated by multiple cytokines.

Differentiation

Appearance of different properties in initially equivalent cells, leading to specialization.

Commitment

The stage when two cells from the same precursor take separate developmental routes.

Maturation

Execution of commitment; cells become functionally mature.

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

Undifferentiated, multipotent cell capable of giving rise to all blood lineages; high self-renewal and lifelong persistence.

Self-renewal

Ability of HSCs to produce more HSCs through division.

Progenitor cell

Daughter of an HSC that cannot self-renew and will differentiate into limited lineages.

Multipotent progenitor (MPP)

Progenitor with multilineage potential but no long-term self-renewal.

Unipotent

Cell committed to differentiating along a single lineage.

Blast

First morphologically recognizable precursor in a lineage (e.g., myeloblast, pronormoblast).

BFU-E

Burst-forming unit-erythroid; early erythroid progenitor.

CFU-E

Colony-forming unit-erythroid; erythroid progenitor dependent on EPO.

Erythropoiesis

Production of erythrocytes (red blood cells).

Erythrocyte

Red blood cell.

Reticulocyte

Immature erythrocyte released from bone marrow.

Pronormoblast/erythroblast

Early erythroid precursors in maturation to erythrocytes.

Megakaryocytopoiesis / Thrombopoiesis

Production of platelets from megakaryocytes.

Megakaryocyte

Large bone marrow cell that gives rise to platelets.

Platelet

Anucleate cell derived from megakaryocytes; essential for clotting.

Megakaryoblast

Early megakaryocyte precursor in thrombopoiesis.

Granulopoiesis

Production of granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils).

Monopoiesis

Production of monocytes.

Lymphopoiesis

Production of lymphocytes (B, T, NK cells).

CMP (Common Myeloid Progenitor)

Progenitor giving rise to GMP and MEP; multilineage potential within myeloid line.

GMP (Granulocyte–Monocyte Progenitor)

Progenitor giving rise to granulocytes and monocytes.

MEP (Megakaryocyte–Erythrocyte Progenitor)

Progenitor giving rise to megakaryocytes and erythrocytes.

CLP (Common Lymphoid Progenitor)

Progenitor giving rise to B, T, and NK lineages.

EPO

Erythropoietin; drives erythroid differentiation, especially CFU-E; produced mainly by kidney/liver.

TPO

Thrombopoietin; drives megakaryopoiesis and platelet production.

SCF (Stem Cell Factor)

Growth factor supporting HSC maintenance and progenitor growth; binds c-Kit.

FL (Flt3 Ligand)

Growth factor for early progenitors; important for lymphoid development.

GM-CSF

Granulocyte–Monocyte CSF; stimulates granulocyte and monocyte lineages.

G-CSF

Granulocyte CSF; stimulates neutrophil production.

M-CSF

Macrophage CSF; stimulates monocyte/macrophage lineage.

IL-3

Interleukin-3; early-acting, multilineage growth factor.

IL-6

Interleukin-6; early-acting multilineage growth factor.

IL-7

Interleukin-7; important for lymphoid progenitors (B/T lineage development).

IL-11

Interleukin-11; early-acting growth factor influencing hematopoiesis.

Negative regulators of hematopoiesis

Factors that inhibit hematopoiesis, such as interferons, TGF-β, and TNF-α.