Pilgrimage of Grace

what were the reasons for the rebelion

monasteries, traditional religion, economic, political, social

people were concerned that….

the dissolution of the monasteries would lead to a loss of the charitable & educational functions which some of them provided.

some northerners were concerned that…

monastic land would be sold to southerners leading to poverty in the north.

Some parish churches were monastic properties and therefore…

these might be lost due to the dissolution of the monasteries.

Robert Aske,…

the rebel leader was a supporter of monasteries & attempted to restore some of the monastic houses

Monasteries were…

useful parts of society & the loss of this would damage society

The 1536 injunctions…

discouraged the celebration of locally important saints such as St Wilfrid; this was linked to an attempt to discourage pilgrimage in general

There were fears that church plate…

(gold/silver) and jewels which had been bequeathed by parishioners would be confiscated and that parishes might be amalgamated.

Many of the ordinary rebels were more motivated by…

resentment of taxation that was raided to pay for H8s wars and by problems of enclosure

The Crown had attempted to…

impose the Duke of Suffolk as a great magnate in Lincolnshire despite the fact he had no support base in the area.

Some argued that the rebellion was an attempt by…

supporters of CoA to restore Mary as heir

The leaders of the rebellion may have been trying to exploit the…

religious & financial concerns of northerners to put pressure on the king as part of the factional politics of the 16th century

The expansion of the rebellion into the…

Pennies & Cumberland is linked to complaints from tenants about their treatment by landlords

The first revolts in Lincolnshire & east Yorkshire were stimulated by… The second revolt in the uplands was concerned with …

fears for religion in the parish churches

agrarian discontents

the rebellions of 1536 were the work of a…

political faction which utilised the social, economic & religious grievances found in the disaffected north linked to the distrust felt by the regional gentry towards a revolutionary court policy

The pilgrimage was threatening because…

nobles, gentry, clergy and people combined forces in a shared ideology

There was no clash between….

social groups or within the governing class, but a popular rising by northerners in general; they wore badges of the Five Wounds of Christ & swore an oath that contradicted the Crown’s oath of supremacy, defending the Catholic church

The rebellions were the most…

geographically widespread set of rebellions in Tudor England & were the most popular in terms of participation

In Lincolnshire the conspiracy proved…

incompetent, collapsing when faced with the forces of the Duke of Suffolk.

The gentry was able to…

establish their authority in the Lincolnshire revolt, the Pilgrimage of Grace & the Captain Poverty risings

The rebellions caused alarm to both …

the king & many of his ministers

The king sent an army north under the command of ….

the Duke of Norfolk,

Norfolk was outnumbered but was able to defuse the rebellion through…

the issue of pardon and promise that the dissolved monasteries would be restored. Northumberland was able to disperse the rebel forces

Norfolk also suppressed the renewed rebellion in…

1537, hanging 74 rebels

The Pilgrimage of Grace…

shook H8

H8 was not good at …

dealing with the rebellions, it was Norfolk which was most proactive

Did the rebellion achieve its aims in the long term?

Norfolk’s promise that the dissolved monasteries would be restored was a promise the king had no intention of keeping. The Pilgrimage was not able to slow the pace of religious change.