A brief history of salt and pepper | Edible Histories Episode 7 | BBC Ideas

ubiquituous

e.g: How did salt and pepper become such an ubiquituous pairing?

present or existing everywhere

scrape

e.g:

We tested a new technique for salt removal: scraping the soil, followed by exposure of the soil to natural rainfall.

I scraped my elbow on the wall as I cycled past.

to remove an unwanted covering or a top layer from something, especially using a sharp edge or something rough;

to rub something by accident so that it gets damaged or hurt

scrape in | scrape into something

e.g: He scraped in with 180 votes.

to manage to get a job, a position, a place at college, etc., but with difficulty

scrape by (on something)

e.g: I can just scrape by on what my parents give me.

to manage to live on the money you have, but with difficulty

scrape (the bottom of) the barrel

e.g: The studio is scraping the bottom of the barrel now, releasing subpar films on the strength of her name.

to have to use things or people that are not the best or most suitable because the ones that were the best or most suitable are no longer available

(get/have somebody) over a barrel

e.g: Softbank gets small companies over a barrel. Either they accept the company's investment or their rivals will the advantage.

(to put/have somebody) in a situation in which they must accept or do what you want

lock, stock and barrel

e.g: He sold the business lock, stock and barrel.

​including everything

be like shooting fish in a barrel

e.g: What do you mean you can't do it? It'll be like shooting fish in a barrel!

used to emphasize how easy it is to do something

a barrel of laughs

e.g: Life hasn't exactly been a barrel of laughs lately.

a lot of fun

bow and scrape

e.g: She was beginning to tire of all their bowing and scraping.

to be too polite to an important person in order to gain their approval

commodity

e.g: Salt is one of the most commodities in the world.

a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold;

a thing that is useful or has a useful quality

commoditize

e.g: Christmas has been grossly commoditized over the years.

to turn something into or treat something as a product that can be bought and sold

commodore

an officer of high rank in the navy

commoditization

e.g: There's a growing concern about the commoditization of education.

​the act or process of treating something as a product that can be bought and sold

ornate

e.g: Huge, ornated vessels for the table were made from gold and silvers.

elaborately decorated

exalted (adj)

e.g: She was the only woman to rise to such an exalted position.

of high rank, position or great importance;

full of great joy and happiness

thorny

e.g: the thorny issue of taxation

full of difficulties; tough; painful

exalt (v)

=> exalt somebody (to something)

=> exalt somebody/something

e.g:

His son was exalted to a high position in the government through family connections.

She was exalted as a pillar of the community.

to make somebody rise to a higher rank or position, sometimes to one that they do not deserve;

to praise somebody/something very much

nominal (adj)

e.g: The term "peppercorn rent" was used to described a nominal sum.

existing in name only, not real; too small to be considered or taken seriously

over supply

q situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded

delineate (v)

e.g: The chefs were busy delineating more firmly sweet from savoury.

to describe, draw or explain something in detail

delineation /dɪˌlɪniˈeɪʃn/

=> ​delineation (of something) (between A and B)

e.g:

No clear delineation of responsibilities existed.

the eventual delineation of the border between the two states

the act of describing, drawing or explaining something in detail; the description, drawing or explanation itself;

the act of showing the exact position of a border or limit

codify

e.g: It is their job to codify which ingredients work with which.

to arrange laws, rules, etc. into a system

codification

the act of arranging laws, rules, etc. into a system

vie (v.)

e.g: She was surrounded by men all vying for her attention.

to compete; to strive for victory or superiority

patent (n)

=> patent on something: to apply for/obtain/take out a patent on an invention

=> by patent: The device was protected by patent.

​an official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention; a document that proves this

patent (v)

to obtain a patent for an invention or a process

patent (adj) /ˈpeɪtnt/, /ˈpætnt/

e.g:

patent medicines

It was a patent lie.

made or sold by a particular company;

blatant; used to emphasize that something bad is very clear and obvious

flagrant (adj)

blatant; (of an action) that shocks you because it is done in a very obvious way and shows no respect for people, laws, etc.

flagrantly (adv)

in an obviously offensive way

in flagrante (delicto) /ˌɪn fləˌɡrænti dɪˈlɪktəʊ/

e.g: He had been caught in flagrante with the wife of the Association's Treasurer.

if somebody is found or caught _____________, they are discovered doing something that they should not be doing, especially having sex

easy-flow

of something or the ability to move without obstruction

pepper mill

a mill for grinding pepper