[REVIEW] PHARMACOLOGYYYYYY

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Choline Esters, Mixed muscarinic, nicotinic

Classification of Acetylcholine

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Choline Esters, Mixed muscarinic, nicotinic

Classification of Methacholine

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Choline Esters, Mixed muscarinic, nicotinic

Classification of Carbachol

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Choline Esters, Pure muscarinic

Classification of Bethanechol

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Alkaloids, Muscarinic

Classification of Pilocarpine

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Alkaloids, Muscarinic

Classification of Muscarine

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Alkaloids, Nicotinic

Classification of Nicotine

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Alkaloids, Nicotinic

Classification of Lobeline

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Alkaloids, Mixed muscarinic, nicotinic

Classification of Arecoline

Cholinomimetics, Direct Agonists, Alkaloids, Nicotinic

Classification of Varenicline

Cholinomimetics, AChE Inhibitors: Carbamates (Intermediate-acting, reversible)

Classification of Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine (-tigmines)

Cholinomimetics, AChE Inhibitors: Carbamates (Intermediate-acting, reversible)

Classification of Ambenonium

Cholinomimetics, AChE Inhibitors: Carbamates (Intermediate-acting, reversible)

Classification of Demecarium

Cholinomimetics, AChE Inhibitors: Organophosphates (Long-acting, irreversible)

Classification of Ecothiophate, Isoflurophate, Malathion, Parathion, Triorthocresyl phosphate, Nerve Gases (Sarin, Tabun, Soman)

Cholinomimetics, Indirect (Centrally-acting, reversible)

Classification of Donepezil, Tacrine, Rivastigmine, Galantamine

Cholinomimetics, AChE Inhibitors: Alcohols (Short-acting, reversible)

Classification of Edrophonium

Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Emesis, Lacrimation, Lethargy, Salivation/Sweating/Seizures

Cholinergic Excess

Neuropathy/ muscle weakness

Adverse effect of Triorthocresyl phosphate

Antimuscarinics, Direct Anticholinergics

Classification of Atropine

Antimuscarinics, Direct Anticholinergics

Classification of Tropicamide

Antimuscarinics, Direct Anticholinergics

Classification of Scopolamine

Antimuscarinics, Direct Anticholinergics

Classification of Benztropine

Antimuscarinics, Direct Anticholinergics

Classification of Ipratropium

Antimuscarinics, Direct Anticholinergics

Classification of Atropin

Antimuscarinics, Cholinesterase Regenerators

Classification of Pralidoxime (2-PAM) and obidoxime

Antimuscarinics, Cholinesterase Regenerators

Classification of Diacetylmonoxime

Cyclopledia, Reduced secretions, Flushing, Hyperthermia, Confusion

Anticholinergic Toxicity

Adrenergic Agonist, Alpha and beta agonists

Classification of Epinephrine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a1 agonist

Classification of Midodrine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a1 agonist

Classification of Phenylephrine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a1 agonist

Classification of Oxymetazoline

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a1 agonist

Classification of Xylometazoline

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a1 agonist

Classification of Tetrahydrozoline

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a2 agonist

Classification of Clonidine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a2 agonist

Classification of Guanabenz

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a2 agonist

Classification of Guanfacine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a2 agonist

Classification of Brimonidine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a2 agonist

Classification of Apraclonidine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a2 agonist

Classification of Dexametadetomidine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a2 agonist

Classification of Tizanidine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct a2 agonist

Classification of Xylazine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct Non-selective ß agonist

Classification of Isoproterenol (aka isoprenaline)

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß1 agonist

Classification of Dobutamine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß1 agonist

Classification of Prenalterol

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß2 agonist (short-acting)

Classification of Salbutamol/Albuterol

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß2 agonist (short-acting)

Classification of Tertbutaline

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß2 agonist (long-acting)

Classification of Salmeterol

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß2 agonist (long-acting)

Classification of Formoterol

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß2 agonist (long-acting)

Classification of Bambuterol

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß2 agonist (long-acting)

Classification of Indacaterol

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß2 agonist (Tocolytics)

Classification of Ritodrine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct ß2 agonist (Tocolytics)

Classification of Isoxsuprine

Adrenergic Agonist, Direct D1 agonist

Classification of Fenoldopam

Adrenergic Agonist, Indirect Acting (Releasers)

Classification of Tyramine

Adrenergic Agonist, Indirect Acting (Releasers) and Mixed Agonist

Classification of Ephedrine

Adrenergic Agonist, Indirect Acting (Releasers)

Classification of Amphetamine

Adrenergic Agonist, Indirect Acting (Reuptake Inhibitors)

Classification of TCA's

Adrenergic Agonist, Indirect Acting (Reuptake Inhibitors)

Classification of Cocaine

Adrenergic Agonist, Indirect Acting (Reuptake Inhibitors)

Classification of Reboxetine

Centrally-acting Sympathomimetics

Classification of Phentermine

Centrally-acting Sympathomimetics

Classification of Phenmetrazine

Centrally-acting Sympathomimetics

Classification of Methylphenidate

Centrally-acting Sympathomimetics

Classification of Amphetamine

Centrally-acting Sympathomimetics

Classification of Methylphenidate

Digital Necrosis

AE of Alpha 1 overstimulation of Dopamine

Tachyarrhythmias

AE of Beta 1 overstimulation of Dopamine

Rhinitis Medicamentosa - rebound congestion

AE (local intranasal) of Alpha 1-selective agonists

Exacerbation of HTN, Urinary retention, Intolerance

AE (systemic) of Alpha 1-selective agonists

Transient hypertension, Withdrawal-induced hypertension

AE of Clonidine

(+) Coomb's test (hemolytic anemia), hepatotoxicity, sedation (most common)

AE of Methyldopa

Exacerbation of HTN, Urinary retention (BPH px), Ventricular tachyarrhythmias

AE of Ephedrine

Increases risk of hemorrhagic stroke

AE of Phenylpropanolamine

Increases risk of pulmonary hypertension

AE of Phentermine

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist, Non-selective Alpha Blocker (irreversible)

Classification of Phenoxybenzamine

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist, Non-selective Alpha Blocker (reversible)

Classification of Phentolamine

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist, Selective Alpha 1 blockers

Classification of Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, tamsulosin, indoramin

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist, Selective Alpha 2 blockers

Classification of Rauwolscine, Yohimbine

First dose Phenomenon

AE of Alpha Blockers

Orthostatic hypotension and syncope

AE of Selective Alpha 1 blockers

Beta-adrenergic blockers, Selective B1 Blockers (Cardioselective)

Classification of Betaxolol/Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Acebutolol/Atenolol, Metoprolol, Celiprolol, Nebivolol

Mixed Alpha and Beta Blocker

Classification of Carvedilol, Labetalol

Non-selective Beta Blocker

Classification of Nadolol, Satolol, Timolol, Propranolol

GABA activation due to prolonged opening of chloride channel

General MOA of Barbiturates

GABA activation due to increased frequency of chloride channel opening General MOA of Benzodiazepines

5-HT1A and D2 receptor agonist that relieves anxiety without marked sedative/hypnotic/euphoric effect

MOA of Buspirone

Melatonin Receptor Agonist

Classification of Ramelteon

Acts on Na, K, Ca channels (blocks them), GABA receptors (potentiate), and glutamate release (decreases)

MOA of Phenytoin

Diplopia and ataxia

AE of Phenytoin

Piracetam and synaptic vesicular protein (SV2A) inhibitor

Classification of Levetiracetam

Irreversible GABA aminotransferase inhibitor

Classification of Vigabatrin

Triggers sensitization to catecholamines, and increases cardiac function but is cancelled by its myocardial depressive effect, being blood soluble

MOA of Halothane

Directly-acting spasmolytic acting on the Ryanodine 1 receptor (RYR1)

MOA of Dantrolene

Irreversibly stimulates Nm receptors

MOA of Succinylcholine (suxamethonium)

diaphragmatic muscle paralysis

AE of Steroidal -"coronium" Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers

Block D2 receptors

MOA of 1st Gen/ Typical Antipsychotics/ Traditional

Blocks D4 receptors and 5-HT receptors

MOA of 2nd Gen/ Atypical Antipsychotics

Inhibition of NE, 5-HT reuptake

MOA of Tricyclic Antidepressants

Inhibits reuptake of 5-HT

MOA of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRIs)

CNS Depression, Anterograde amnesia

AE of Benzodiazepines

Hemorrhagic cystitis

AE of Cyclophosphamide/Ifosphamide