Philosophy 100 Jeffrey Jordan

Naturalism

every fact is natural fact

Supernaturalism

there are non-natural facts, some of which are causally responsible fo the universe

Normal Nihilism

there are no moral facts

Moral Skepticism

we cannot know that are or not moral facts

Moral Realism

there are moral facts and we can know some of them

Priori Arguments

deals primarily with conceptual evidence and not empirical or observational evidence

Posteriori Arguments

deals primarily with empirical or observational evidence, and not primarily with conceptual evidence

Moral Subjectivism

preference/belief of the individual agent is the truth-maker

Moral Relativism

"collective" acceptance is truth-maker

Moral Objectivism

the truth of moral acts is independent of ant human attitude

Strong Argument

has validity and premises which are rationally acceptable

Valid Argument

is one which is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false. (truth preserving)

Sound Argument

is a valid argument with all true premises

Global Dualism

two kinds of substances in the universe

Anthropic Dualism

the human is made up of two substances (mind/body)

Metaphysical Idealism

Every physical fact depends upon a mental fact

Plato's Theory of the Forms

whenever there is plurality of things which are all called by a single name (i.e cats), there exists an ideal and separate Form by virtue of which the plurality are recognizable as the same.

Reincarnation

the idea that you are a soul this is placed in a series of bodies, one after another.

Soul

an immaterial and distinct unified center on consciousness (mind, self) which has three aspects- reason, passions, appetite- one of which dominates the others.

Ignorance

is the state in which the non-rational aspects of your soul (appetite or passion) subdue, replace or dominate your reason either acutely or chronically.

Platonic Justice

rendering to each what he deserves.

Workers

appetite

Auxiliaries

passions

Rulers

reason

JTB

justified true belief

Essentialism

is the view that there is an (largely) immutable human nature found in all human persons and at all times and in all cultures

Utopian

the view that a perfectly just human society can be achieved in this world.

Collectivism

is the view that the group is more important than the individual

Individualism

is the view that the human person is more important than any group.

Totalitarian

the view that government has a proper regulatory role on any and every aspect of its citizens lives

Materialism

every fact is a material fact- everything that exists is a material object, or a part of process of physical systems.

Dualism

there are material facts and there are immaterial facts

Theism

there exists in the universe an external personal who is omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenvllent, and creator of all else that exists

Pantheism

God and the universe are identical

Panentheism

universe is a proper part of god

Polytheism

there are many deities

knock-down argument

valid argument with premises that everyone knows to be true; valid argument with premises it would be irrational to deny

Altruism

an agent acts in a way thats foreseeably beneficial to another, while foreseeably harmful to the agent

naturalism

every fact is a physical fact= only nature and things in nature exists

Salvation

reconciliation with god, via grace, resulting in an afterlife in heaven

Sin

intentional violation of gods commands, results in estrangement from gad/

Natural Selection (VHS)

variation, heritable, selection

Common Decent Thesis

all of life is evolved with modification from a common source

Old earth thesis

Natural selection would have taken some 3-4B years of to result in humankind

Contingency thesis

The existence of humans is accidental, to merely continent, as evolution is unsupervised, a purely impersonal and/or random process

Moral Evil

Underserved pain and suffering resulting from the free choices of moral agents (war, rape, genocide)

Natural Evil

Undeserved pain and suffering which is not-moral in origin.
(disease, accidents, forrest fires)

Necessary Evil

Pain and suffering which God must permit in order to bring about a greater good

Pointless evil

Pain and suffering which is not necessary

Standard Claim

it is not possible that God exist & pointless evil occurs

Resurrection

being raised from the dead

Inclusivism

there is a single truth religion but other religions can achieve more or less salvation in promotion to their similarity to the true religion

Omnipotent

sovereign (I control of how things turn out) source of all power unsurpassable

Omniscient

knowledge covers all trues and no false god's knowledge is maximal and perfect

Pluralism

there are many true religions which is the only means of salvation

Immortality

existing forever in the future

Platonic Soul

an immaterial and distinct unified center of consciousness which has 3 aspects (reason, passion, appetite) one of which dominates

Trinity

God is one, but revealed as three distinct persons the father, son and holy spirit.