AICE U.S. History EOC vocab all chapters

What does Sectionalism refer to during the Civil War era?

Loyalty to the region, specifically the North or South.

What was an Abolitionist?

Someone who saw slavery as a moral evil and sought to abolish it.

Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin and what was its significance?

Harriet Beecher Stowe; it provided a first-hand look at the life of a slave.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

It established a 36'30 line where states above were free and those below were slave.

What did the Compromise of 1850 entail?

California became a free state while other states could choose; it also included a Fugitive Slave law.

What was the Kansas Nebraska Act?

It introduced Popular Sovereignty and caused violent protests.

What is Popular Sovereignty?

The right for states to choose whether to admit as Slave or Free.

What did the Dred Scott Decision prove?

It declared that African Americans were not citizens and not protected by the Constitution.

What was the Freeport Doctrine?

It stated that residents of a territory could still ban slavery.

Who was Jefferson Davis?

The President of the Confederate States during the Civil War.

What was the Anaconda Plan?

A strategy to suffocate the Confederates by controlling the Mississippi and cutting off supply lines.

What does conscription refer to?

Military draft.

What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam?

It was the bloodiest single day of war, and the North stopped Lee's advance north.

What effect did the Emancipation Proclamation have?

It freed all slaves in the conquered states and made the war about slavery.

What was the Battle of Gettysburg known for?

It stopped Lee's advances north and led to Lincoln's Gettysburg Address to unite the nation.

Define the Freedman Bureau.

A government agency set up to help formerly enslaved African Americans get jobs and education.

What was the 13th Amendment?

It abolished slavery.

What did the 15th Amendment establish?

It granted the right to vote regardless of race or previous servitude.

What is meant by Black Codes?

Laws created by the South to oppress freed African Americans.

Who were the Radical Republicans?

They supported the Freed African Americans and sought harsh punishment for the South.

What were the Jim Crow Laws?

Laws that denied black citizens equal opportunities and reinforced white supremacy.

What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?

To Americanize Native Americans and threatened the survival of Indian Culture.

What did the Sherman Antitrust Act accomplish?

It made certain monopolistic practices illegal.

What is the significance of the Battle of Vicksburg?

It was the turning point of the war, allowing the North to gain control of the Mississippi River.

What was the significance of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?

It led to the passing of laws requiring fire codes in buildings.

What was the outcome of Schenck v. U.S.?

It upheld limits on free speech when there is a 'clear and present danger'.

What did the Atlantic Charter outline?

The post-war goals agreed upon by Roosevelt and Churchill.

What was the Manhattan Project?

The secret project to develop the atomic bomb.

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

Trials that convicted Nazi leaders for crimes against humanity.

What does McCarthyism refer to?

The height of anti-communist hysteria and accusations against innocent individuals.

What was the significance of the 24th Amendment?

It eliminated the poll tax as a voting requirement.

Who were the Black Panthers?

An organization that initially patrolled black neighborhoods and initiated social programs, including free breakfast for schools.

What was the Populist Party?

A political party that fought for the rights of farmers and industrial workers.

What did the 17th Amendment establish?

It introduced the direct election of senators.

What was the significance of the Zimmerman Telegram?

It revealed Germany's attempt to ally with Mexico against the U.S., raising American interest in the war.

What did the 18th Amendment do?

Prohibited the sale, manufacturing, and distribution of alcohol.

What was the Red Scare?

The fear of the spread of communism throughout America.