Studied by 19 people
revised version
5 ‘Scapes (Appadurai)
Ethnoscape, technoscape, ideoscape, financescape, mediascape
Animatism
impersonal supernatural forces (ex: the force from Star Wars) THINK ANIMATION
Animism
the idea that souls exist in non-humans
Anthropology of mediation
the way images, speech, people, and things become socially meaningful as they are communicated
Art
the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.
Biologic sex
refers to male and female identity based on internal and external sex organs and chromosomes
Cisgender
a term used to describe those whose gender identity coincides with the biological sex they were assigned at birth.
Cline
variation on a spectrum, skin tones get lighter as you get further from ecuator
Colonialism
political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended period
Communitas
a unity that encourages people to see themselves as members of the community
Consumption
the forms of behavior that connect our economic activity with the cultural symbols that give our lives meaning
Cosmology
an explanation for the origin or history of the world.
The cultural construction of gender
diverse perceptions of masculinity and femininity across cultures, shaping notions of manhood and womanhood
Culture-bound syndrome
An illness recognized only within a specific culture.
Cultural Performance
A performance such as a concert or a play.
Dimensions of ethnicity
attributional (boundary markers, languages, costuming/dress, physical appearance, religion, foods, origin myths) and relational (hierarchical, fluidity)
Dimorphism
the existence of two different forms (as of color or size) of a species especially in the same population (ex: physical attributes of men and women)
Elements of Religion
cosmology, belief in the supernatural, rules of behavior, and rituals
Essentialism
A belief that gender and certain other social categories are inherent, fixed, internal, stable, deeply embedded, and unchangeable.
Ethnomedicine
local systems of healing that are culturally specific
Ethnopharmacology
subsection of ethnomedicine
Ethnicity
the degree to which a person identifies with and feels an attachment to a particular ethnic group
Ethnocide
cultural destruction
Ethno-etiologies
cultural explanations for the causes of disease. Ex. (biomedical: the idea that disease is caused by identifiable agents, personalistic: a person caused illness; supernational element, naturalistic (disease if caused by natural elements like cold, emotionalistic: belief disease is caused by strong emotions)
Ethnoscape
movement of people across political boundaries; migration, tourism
Financescape
the flow of money across political borders
Full-time religious practitioner
priest, minister, rabbi
Gender
expectations of thought and behavior assigned by each culture to people of different sexes
Global North
the wealthier countries of the world.
Global South
the poorest countries of the world
Glocalization
the adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms; stimulus diffusion
Hegemony
(consent of the governed) a power so pervasive that it is rarely acknowledged or even recognized, yet informs everyday actions.
Heteronormativity
the system of rights and privileges that accompany “normative” sexual choices and family formation.
Hijra
the “Third gender” in India that often dresses in female attire
Hypodescent
a socially constructed racial classification system where a person of mixed racial heritage is automatically categorized as a member of the less privileged group
Ideoscape
the flow of ideas
Illness
the experience of sickness (Physical, social, & emotional symptoms)
Indigenous media
Media produced by and for Indigenous communities often outside of the commercial mainstream.
Individual racism
an individual's racist assumptions, beliefs, or behaviors and is “a form of racial discrimination that stems from conscious and unconscious, personal prejudice.” This is connected to/learned from broader socio-economic histories and processes and is supported and reinforced by systemic racism.
Institutional racism
Racism that occurs within an institution or system of power like unfair policies and discriminatory practices of particular institutions (schools, workplaces, etc.) that routinely produce racially inequitable outcomes for people of color and advantages for white people.
Intersex
a percentage of the human population is intersex with ambiguous or mixed biological sex characteristics.
Jim Crow laws
a term used to describe laws passed by state and local governments in the United States during the early twentieth century to enforce racial segregation of public and private places.
Mana
One of the beliefs organized around belief in an impersonal supernatural force, a type of religion known as animatism, it still refers to power, but in a more general sense.
Matriarchy
Female
Meaning
refers to the ideas or values that accompany the exchange of information.
Media practices
The habits or behaviors of the people who produce media, the audiences who interact with media, and everyone in between.
Mediascape
the flow of media across borders.
Monotheism
religious systems that recognize a single supreme God.
Multiculturalism
maintenance of multiple cultural traditions in a single society.
Neoliberalism
A free market, private business/enterprise is the best for anything that happens, with no government intervention at all.
Part-time religious practitioners
They carry out religious rituals when needed, but also participate in the normal work of the community.
Patriarchy
describes a society with a male-dominated political and authority structure and an ideology that privileges males over females in domestic and public spheres.
Personal front
Aspects of one’s clothing, physical characteristics, comportment, and facial expressions that communicate an impression to others.
Performing culture
how our everyday words and actions are reflections of our enculturation
Polytheism
religious systems that recognize several gods.
Presentation of self
The management of the impressions others have of us.
Profane
objects or ideas are ordinary and can be treated with disregard or contempt.
Race
an attempt to categorize humans based on observed physical differences.
Racial formation
The process of defining and redefining racial categories in a society.
Racial ideology
Belief that humanity could and should be divided into distinct biological groups or “races”, and that different races stand in a ranked hierarchical relation to one another
Reified
The process by which an inaccurate concept or idea is accepted as “truth.”
Religion
The extension of human society and culture to include the supernatural.
Rite of intensification
Actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis.
Rite of passage
A ceremony designed to transition individuals between life stages.
Rite of revitalization
Attempts to resolve serious problems, such as war, famine or poverty through a spiritual or supernatural intervention.
Rituals
A religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order
Sacred
Objects or ideas are set apart from the ordinary and treated with great respect or care.
Secondary sex characteristics
physical characteristics on men and women (ex: beards on men, breasts on women, not genitalia)
Shaman
A part time religious practitioner who carries out religious rituals when needed, but also participates in the normal work of the community.
Social control
Any means used to maintain behavioral norms and regulate conflict
Stratification
Hierarchical relationships between different groups
Symbolic ethnicity
Limited or occasional displays of ethnic pride and identity that are primarily for public display.
Syncretism
The combination of different religious beliefs (even those that are seemingly contradictory) into a new religion
Technoscape
The global flows of technology.
Third gender
A gender identity that exists in non-binary gender systems offering one or more gender roles separate from male or female.
Transgender
A category for people who identify as a different gender than the one that was assigned to them at birth. This may entail a social transition or a physical one, using many methods.
Two-Spirit
Gender-variant individuals within a specific community
Note
Flashcard