National Health Programs (NHP) - Vector Borne Diseases

This set covers the core terminology, milestones, goals, and diagnostic criteria for the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) and its specific components including Malaria, Filariasis, Kala-azar, and others.

National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP)

Nodal agency under the Directorate General of Health Services responsible for the prevention and control of Malaria, Filariasis, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue, and Chikungunya.

Transmission Vectors of NVBDCP

Strategy identifying that $5$ out of $6$ diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue, Chikungunya) are transmitted by mosquitoes, while Kala-azar is transmitted by the sandfly.

Integrated Vector Management (IVM)

A strategy under NVBDCP focusing on disease management through early case detection, treatment, epidemic preparedness, and rapid response.

Urban Malaria Scheme (1971)

Implemented in urban areas with population $> 50000$, an API $≥ 2$, and a Slide Positivity Rate (SPR) $≥ 5\%$ to reduce malaria transmission.

Modified Plan of Operations (1977)

The point at which malaria eradication was officially given up and replaced by strategies based on Annual Parasite Incidence (API) thresholds.

Category 3: Intensified Control Phase

States or UTs with an API $≥ 1$ case per $1000$ population under the National Framework for Malaria Elimination.

Category 0: Prevention & Re-establishment Phase

The final phase of malaria elimination for States or UTs with zero indigenous cases.

National Malaria Elimination Goals

A two-stage target: interrupt indigenous transmission in all states/UTs by $2027$ and eliminate malaria throughout the country by $2030$.

High Burden High Impact (HBHI) Initiative

A WHO initiative started in West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh to intensify malaria elimination activities.

Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (ELF)

Defined as reaching a state where the number of microfilaria carriers is $< 1\%$ and children born after initiation are free from circulating Antigenaemia.

Mass Drug Administration (MDA)

Annual door-to-door administration of drugs (DEC + Albendazole or Ivermectin + DEC + Albendazole) for $5$ or more years to interrupt filariasis transmission.

Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS)

A survey conducted $6$ months after the $5^{th}$ round of MDA using Immuno-Chromatographic Test (ICT) cards, provided coverage was $65\%$ and Microfilaria rate was $< 1\%$.

Kala-azar Elimination Target

To reduce annual incidence to $< 1$ per $10000$ population at the block PHC level.

SA-14-14-2

The live attenuated vaccine used for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccination in endemic states, included in Routine Immunization (RI) in $2013$.

NS1 kits

Diagnostic kits for Dengue introduced to detect cases from the $1^{st}$ day of infection, whereas IgM capture ELISA tests detect cases after the $5^{th}$ day.

Fever Treatment Depot (FTD)

A village-level facility providing RDT kits, antimalaria drugs, and community outreach services; one exists in every village.