John Marshall and the Supreme Court; Jefferson's Policies and War (1800-1816)

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to John Marshall's influence on the Supreme Court, Jefferson's policies, and important events from 1800 to 1816.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to decide whether an act of Congress or the president is allowed by the Constitution.

Marbury v. Madison

The 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

Impeachment

The process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official.

Barbary Pirates

Pirates from North African states that attacked U.S. ships and demanded tribute.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports, aimed at Britain but backfired economically.

Nonintercourse Act of 1809

Replaced the Embargo Act, allowing trade with all nations except Britain and France.

War Hawks

Young Democratic-Republicans in Congress who were eager for war against Britain.

Treaty of Ghent

The treaty that ended the War of 1812, restoring prewar boundaries but with no significant changes.

The Missouri Compromise

A legislative agreement in 1820 that established a temporary solution to the extension of slavery into new states.

Henry Clay's American System

Proposal for advancing the economy through protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to decide whether an act of Congress or the president is allowed by the Constitution.

Marbury v. Madison

The 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

Impeachment

The process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official.

Barbary Pirates

Pirates from North African states that attacked U.S. ships and demanded tribute.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports, aimed at Britain but backfired economically.

Nonintercourse Act of 1809

Replaced the Embargo Act, allowing trade with all nations except Britain and France.

War Hawks

Young Democratic-Republicans in Congress who were eager for war against Britain.

Treaty of Ghent

The treaty that ended the War of 1812, restoring prewar boundaries but with no significant changes.

The Missouri Compromise

A legislative agreement in 1820 that established a temporary solution to the extension of slavery into new states.

Henry Clay's American System

Proposal for advancing the economy through protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of a vast territory from France, significantly expanding the United States.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition commissioned by President Jefferson to explore the territories of the Louisiana Purchase.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. foreign policy stating that European powers should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

Battle of New Orleans

A decisive American victory over the British in 1815, fought after the War of 1812 had officially ended.