Visual Arts and Music Reviewer

Flashcards covering Filipino art history, notable artists, musical terms, and composers from the lecture notes.

Mariano Madriñan

A sculptor who won a gold medal at the 1883 Amsterdam Exposition for his work titled Mater Dolorosa.

Pelagia Mendoza y Gotianquin

The first female student accepted into the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura and winner of the 1892 Columbus Quadricentennial Art Contest.

Woodcut Printing

A method where an image is carved into a wooden block, used primarily by religious orders for books and art.

Estampas

Printed portraits of saints and religious scenes included in prayer books; smaller versions are called estampitas.

Santos

Depictions of Christian saints and personalities used to decorate churches and homes.

Retablos

Decorative structures at the front of the congregation where Santos were specifically displayed.

Relieves

Sculptural reliefs used as visual aids for devotees praying at the Station of the Cross.

Lithography

A printing method using a flat stone or metal plate and a greasy substance; it became popular for being cheaper, more efficient, and producing detailed secular prints.

Flora de Filipinas

A 1878 collection of lithographs by Father Francisco Manuel Blanco showcasing various plants and flowers in the Philippines.

Soprano

The term for a high female voice.

Alto

The term for a low female voice.

Tenor

The term for a high male voice.

Bass

The term for a low male voice.

Academic Paintings

Large-format paintings that typically took subjects from Roman antiquity.

Modeling of forms

A painting technique involving the gradual change in value to achieve a sense of depth.

Chiaroscuro

A style using high contrast between light and dark to create a dramatic effect.

Neoclassicism

An art movement that revived the styles and values associated with ancient Rome.

Romanticism

An art and intellectual movement that championed freedom, equality, and justice.

Portraiture Paintings

Artistic representations depicting a person's likeness and character, often created in the miniaturismo style.

Paisajes

Landscape paintings that showcase views of nature.

Bodegones

An artistic term referring to still life paintings.

Spoliarium

A painting by Juan Luna in 1884 that secretly depicted the abuses of Spaniards toward Filipinos.

Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuetas al Populacho

A painting depicting two young girls being sold as slaves, symbolizing Spanish mistreatment of Filipinos.

Genre Painting

Art that depicts scenes from everyday life and ordinary activities.

Timbre

The sound color or attribute that distinguishes one specific sound from another.

Rondalla

A musical ensemble composed of plucked stringed instruments.

Band

An ensemble traditionally consisting of woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments.

Letras y Figuras

An art form that blends calligraphy and painting by forming words using human figures, animals, and plants.

Claveria Decree of 1849

A decree that required Filipinos to adopt Spanish surnames, which contributed to the flourish of Letras y Figuras.

Tipos del Pais

An art style depicting people from various social classes, ethnic groups, and occupations in traditional attire.

Marcelo Adonay

A choirmaster and director who conducted the first Philippine performance of Beethoven's Missa Solemnis in D Major.

Ladislao Bonus

Known as the Father of the Filipino Opera and founder of an all-Filipino opera company.

Julian Felipe

The composer of the Philippine National Anthem and director of the Banda Nacional of the First Philippine Republic.

Julio Nakpil

A celebrated pianist and member of the Katipunan under the name J. Giliw who served as president of the northern command.

Banda Zabat

An ensemble organized by priest Eliodoro Chico y Bustamante and initially supervised by Lorenzo Zabat y Chico.

Leonardo Silos

The first Filipino to direct the military ensemble known as Regiment No. 5.

Kundiman

An art song used to inspire Filipinos in their struggle for independence.

Jocelynang Baliwag

Known as the Kundiman ng Himagsikan, this song expresses love for both the nation and Jocelyna Tiongson.

Dynamics

The musical element referring to the loudness and softness of sound.

Pianissimo

An Italian dynamics term meaning very soft.

Mezzo piano

An Italian dynamics term meaning moderately soft.

Mezzo forte

An Italian dynamics term meaning moderately loud.

Fortissimo

An Italian dynamics term meaning very loud.

Crescendo

The Italian term for a gradual increase in volume.

Decrescendo

The Italian term for a gradual decrease in volume.