Relationship among Nations and States in the Context of Globalization – Lesson 4

These flashcards review key terms and concepts from Lesson 4, covering power bases, definitions and elements of nation and state, the idea of imagined communities, and the economic, cultural, and political dimensions of globalization.

What is the general capability to control and influence people’s behavior called?

Power

Which power base is founded on one person’s belief that another possesses desirable characteristics?

Referent power

What term describes the way power relationships shift as individuals gain or lose influence over time?

Power dynamics (evolution of power relationships)

What do we call influence that an individual possesses but may choose not to use?

Potential (latent) power

Which power base includes promotions, salary increases, added benefits, or compliments?

Reward power

Which power base can lead to unhealthy behavior and job dissatisfaction when overused?

Coercive power

Which power is derived from an elected, selected, or appointed position that creates a sense of obligation in others?

Legitimate power

Which power results from the ability to control vital information that others need?

Informational power

Which power relies on social and personal skills that make someone naturally appealing to others?

Referent (charismatic) power

Which power is rooted in high levels of expertise, skill, or knowledge?

Expert power

According to De Leon (2009), what five conditions define a state?

(1) A community of persons, (2) occupying a definite territory, (3) with a government of their own, (4) whose inhabitants render obedience, and (5) enjoying freedom from external control (sovereignty).

In simplest terms, what is a nation?

A group of people bound by common history, ancestry, culture, and language.

How did Benedict Anderson describe nations?

As “imagined communities” in which members feel connected despite never meeting most fellow citizens.

Is a nation primarily political or cultural/psychological in nature?

Cultural and psychological.

Is a state primarily cultural or legal–political in nature?

Legal and political.

With which concept is a state directly associated: government or culture?

Government.

What common factor typically binds members of a nation together?

Shared interests such as common history, culture, language, or traditions.

Name the four essential elements of a state.

People (population), territory, government, and sovereignty.

Which element of the state is the agency through which its political ideology is expressed and carried out?

Government

Which element of the state refers to the land, sea, and airspace under its jurisdiction?

Territory

Which element of the state comprises the organization of human beings living together?

People (population)

Which element of the state is its power to enforce laws and demand obedience?

Sovereignty

Define globalization in terms of interaction and integration.

A process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments of different nations, driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.

What are the three main dimensions of globalization discussed in the lesson?

Economic, cultural, and political globalization.

How does economic globalization describe the relationship among national economies?

Economies are interconnected; no national economy operates in isolation.

What effect does cultural globalization have on cultural differences?

It tends to ‘flatten’ or diminish cultural differences (sometimes called McDonaldization).

What does political globalization emphasize regarding international cooperation?

That global or umbrella organizations are better positioned than individual states to prevent conflict and foster cooperation.

Give two contemporary examples of global organizations illustrating political globalization.

The United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Which post–World War I organization was an early example of political globalization?

The League of Nations.

What role do governments play in globalization within their territories?

They craft, establish, and implement policies—including promoting national products on the international market—to manage globalization’s effects.