Functional Group Orgo

Alkane

C-C Only Single Bond

Alkene

C=C double bond

Alkyne

C =- C triple bond

Alcohol

R-OH, Trigger OH attached to C (Carbon)

Ether

R-O-R, Amine usually contains N

Amine

N

Aldehyde

R-CHO (Carbonyl at the end)

Ketone

R-CO-R (Carbonyl in the middle)

Carboxylic Acid

R-COOH

Ester

R-COOR (Looks like Carbonyl + Oxygen)

Amide

R-CONH2 (Carbonyl Attached to Nitrogen)

Sp3

109.5º bond angles

tetrahedral

Sp2

120º bond angles, Trigonal Planar

Sp

180º bond angles, Linear

Carbon

4 Bonds

Nitrogen

3 Bonds + 1 Lone pair

Oxygen

2 Bonds + 2 Lone pairs

Helogens (F, Cl, Br, I)

1 Bond + 3 Lone pairs

Single C-C

One Sigma bond

Double C=C

One Sigma + One Pi

Triple Bond C=-C

One Sigma + Two Pi

More Bonds

More Pi Bonds = More Reactivity

Lower Pka

Stronger Acid

Higher Pka

Weaker Acid