Science test Mrs. Shaw

Melting point

temperature when solid becomes liquid

Freezing point

temperature when liquid becomes solid

Density

amount of mass in a given volume

Conductivity

ability to conduct electricity

Ductility

ability to be stretched into wire

Malleability

ability to be hammered into sheets

Physical properties:

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance

Chemical Properties

Characteristics that describe a substance’s ability to change into new substances.

Combustibility

ability to catch fire

Flammability

ability to burn

Reactivity

ability to react with other substances

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Chemistry

The study of matter and how matter changes

Substance

A single kind of matter that is pure, meaning it always has a specific makeup or composition

Physical Change

Alters the form or appearance of matter, doesn't;t turn any substance in the matter to a different substance (EX: ice melting, crushing chalk, mashed potatoes)

States of Matter

Solid, Liquid, Gas

What was created from the reaction between the chalk and vinegar?

Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Calcium Acetate

Chemical Change

DOES change the substance into a different substance (EX: cooking an egg, paper burning, and rusting

Solid

Has a definite shape and a definite volume

Crystalline Solids

Salt, sugar, and snow are examples. Particles form a regular pattern and melts at a distinct temp.

Amorphous Solids

Glass, plastic, and rubber are examples. Particles aren’t arranged in a regular pattern and doesn't melt at distinct temp.

The particles in a solid are_____.

Vibrating in place and closely packed together and attracted to each other by strong forces.

Hypothesis

Prediction you make before doing an experiment that states what you think will happen based off of what you already know. Strong hypothesis needs to be clear ad testable and must be something you can check when doing an experiment.

IF-

Is what you change in the experiment, the independent variable

THEN-

What you expect to happen, the result or outcome

BECAUSE-

Explains your thinking or why you expect the result

Liquids

Have a definite volume but not a definite shape, particles slide past each other freely.

What are the two properties of liquids?

Viscosity and Surface Tension

Surface Tension

(Bugs being able to walk on water)

Viscosity

Resistance to flowing

Example of High Viscosity:

Honey

Example of Low Viscosity

Water

Gases

No shape or definite volume, particles move quickly and freely in all directions bouncing off each other

Higher pressure=______concentration of gas particles

greater

Lower pressure=________concentration of gas particles

lower

Temperature

How hot or cold something is, Faster particles=greater energy=higher temperature

Plasma

What lightning is made out of

BEC

Cold!

Non Newtonian Fluid

Oblek

Kinetic Theory

Particles move faster when heated and slower when cooled

Solid to Liquid

Melting, heat goes into solid

Liquid to Solid

Freezing, heat leaves the liquid

Liquid to gas

Vaporization, heat goes into liquid

Gas to Liquid

Condensation, heat leaving the gas

Solid to Gas

Sublimation, heat is going into solid

Horizontal=no temp change

Atom

smallest particle that can still be considered an element (a speck of dust had around 10 million billion atoms)

Dalton’s atomic theory

Marble

Thompson’s model

Watermelon

Parts of an Atom are____________. (5 of them)

Protons, electrons, neutrons, nucleus, and energy level

Neutron

No electric charge, found in nucleus (0+)

Electron

Negatively charged particles (-1)

Protons

Positively charged particles in the nucleus (+1)

Nucleus

Small region at the atoms center

Energy level

The specific amount of energy an electron has

Rutherford’s Model

Cherry

Bohr’s Model

Planets orbiting around sun OR rings of a tree

Cloud Model

Modern model of the Atom

At the center of the atom is a tiny, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounding nucleus is a cloud-like region of moving electrons

Number of Protons=Number of Electrons

Atomic Number

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic number of that element

MASS

P=

N=

E=

P= 1 AMU
N= 1 AMU

E= 1/1840 AMU

P&N make up most of the mass in an atom

True or False?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

True

True or False?
Volume is the amount of space an object takes up space

True

True or False?

Gases are not matter because most are invisible

False

True or False?

The term “fluids” collectively refers to liquids and gases

True

True or False?

Particles in the solid state are not in motion

False

Does vapor compress?

Yes

Can water compress?

No

Can ice compress?

No

Which of the following is a matter?

a) Heat

b) Sound

c) Water

d) Light

c) Water

Particles are closest together in the______phase.

Solid

Which state of matter has the slowest moving particles?

Solid

Which of the following statements is false?
a) The particles in a solid are packed tightly together and can only vibrate in place

b) Liquid particles are moving more slowly than gas particles

c) Particles in gas are much further apart than particles in liquid or solid

d) The particles in a solid have more energy than the particles in a liquid

d) The particles in a solid have more energy than the particles in a liquid

Which state of matter has the weakest attractive forces between particles?

Gas

What state of matter is mercury at room temperature?

Liquid

Oxidation

Combination of a substance with oxygen

Precipiate

A solid that form from liquids during a chemical reaction

Odor

The physical property that describes how something smell

Color Change

When a substance’s color alters, which can signal a chemical change or a change in its physical state

Bohr’s model of the atom considered of a central_____surrounded by electrons moving in specific______.

Nucleus, orbits

How does the Cloud model of the atom different from Bohr’s model?

The cloud model’s electrons don’t orbit the nucleus like planets as Bohr’s model suggested.

The atomic theory changed with time because______.

More evidence was found to make better models

How is atomic number used to distinguish one element from another?

The definition of an element is based on its atomic number

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons make up an atom of nitrogen 15?

7 protons

7 electrons

8 neutrons

What does the word A ‘tomos mean in ancient Greece?

Something that can’t be divided any further

What is quantum mechanics?

Study of atoms and smaller particles

If you wanted to find the chemical element of an atom, you would need to….

a) know how many electrons it has

b) know how many protons it has

c) know its melting temperature

d) see it with a microscope

b) know how many protons it has

Where are the electrons in an atom?

Cloud like region around nucleus

Where are protons and neutrons located?

Nucleus

In a neutral atom______and_______are equal.

protons, electrons