Parts and Types of Cells

Two Types of Cells?

Prokaryotic Cell & Eukaryotic Cell

Name the three types of Prokaryotic Cells according to shape.

Spheres (cocci), Rods (bacilli), & Spirals

Name the two types of Prokaryotic Cells according to Gram staining.

Gram-positive & Gram-negative

Which one has cell membrane: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells has cell membrane.

Which one is larger: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Eukaryotes. They range in 10 - 100 micrometers in size, while Prokaryotes only range in 0.1 to 2.0 micrometers.

Which one has nucleus: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Eukaryotic Cells has nucleus that contains linear
DNA, while Prokaryotic Cells only has nucleoid & plasmids that contains circular DNA.

Which one has cytoplasm: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Both has cytoplasm but prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

Which one has ribosomes: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Both has ribosomes. Eukaryotic Cells has slightly larger ribosomes.

What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative prokaryotes?

Gram-positive and Gram-negative differentiates on their cell walls. Gram-positive have multiple layer of peptidoglycan while Gram-negative only has one thin layer of peptidoglycan but they have double membrane.

Are Ribosomes organelle or not?

Ribosomes is not an organelle because it does not have a membrane surrounding it.

They are membrane-bound structures in the cell.

Organelles.

What is the control center of the cell?

The Nucleus. (nucleoid for prokaryotes). The Nucleus tells the cell what to do.

It is the long strands of DNA found in nucleus.

Chromatin.

It creates rRNA to make Ribosomes.

Nucleolus. It creates rRNA (ribosomal RNA) to make Ribosomes.

The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called?

Nuclear Envelope.

The three cell structures of the Endomembrane System.

Ribosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi Apparatus

What are the 3 fates of the product from the endomembrane system?

(1) Within the cell. (2) It will be part of the plasma membrane. (3) Secreted out of the cell.

The protein synthesizers.

Ribosomes.

It transports different molecules in the cell to the Golgi apparatus.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum.

The Two Types of ER?

Rough ER & Smooth ER

Is a type of ER that contains ribosomes, do protein synthesis and modifications, and transports proteins using vesicles?

Rough ER

Is a type of ER that produces lipids, cholesterol, & hormones, and detoxifies drugs?

Smooth ER

Receives vesicles and modifies proteins (Adds lipids and carbs to the protein).

Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Body

The two cell structures that are in charge of Housekeeping?

Lysosome & Peroxisome.

It contains digestive enzymes (breaks down food), destroys pathogen, and is a product of the endomembrane system.

Lysosome

It contains enzymes for fatty acid and hydrogen peroxide breakdown, prevents buildup of toxins, and makes sure that the byproducts of the mitochondria and chloroplast will not harm the cell.

Peroxisome.

Why is peroxisome not a product of endoplasmic reticulum?

Because it does not pass through the golgi apparatus.

The three cell structures that are in charge of Maintenance?

Vacuole, Mitochondria, and Chloroplast.

What do the cell structures that are in charge of maintenance do?

They provide nutrients, food, water, energy to the cell.

Is the food and water storage in a cell.

Vacuole.

Vacuole is fused with lysosome for?

Digestion and Waste.

Aside from maintenance, what else do vacuoles do in plants?

It provides structural support for the cell wall.

Is the major site for aerobic respiration?

Mitochondria.

Is a high energy molecule that temporarily stores energy and can be brought into different chemical reactions happening inside the cell?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).

The site for starch production?

Chloroplast.

The site where photosynthesis occurs?

Thylakoids which are inside the chloroplast.

In this theory, they believed that mitochondria and chloroplast were once free-living prokaryotic cells. And there is a larger cell that engulfed these prokaryotic cells, but instead of being eaten, they lived together.

THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

The five cell structures that are in charge of Protection and Support for the cell?

The Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Cell wall, Capsule, and Cytoskeleton.

The main line of protection of every cell which protects and controls the movement in and out of the cell. It provides different passageways to molecules to come in and out of the cell.

The Plasma Membrane.

It provides support to all organelles that are found inside the cell.

Cytoplasm.

Provides rigidity and shape to the cell.

Cell Wall.

Additional layer of protection against desiccation, can be composed of protein and carbohydrate and can be a virulence factor.

Capsule.

It helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization.

Cytoskeleton.

The cytoskeleton is made up of three structures.

Microfilament (Actin Filaments), Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules.

Cell Extensions for movements?

Pseudopodia, Cilia, and Flagella.

Cell Extensions for attachments?

Pilus/Pili & Fimbrae.

What are the cell structures inside a cell?

Nucleus, Ribosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosome, Peroxisome, Vacuole, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Cell Wall, Capsule, Cytoskeleton, and the Cell Extensions.