Oral Pathology

Oral Pathology

The study of diseases in the oral cavity.

Diagnosis

The process of identifying a disease or condition based on various types of assessments.

Historical Diagnosis

Diagnosis based on family and medical histories to identify hereditary conditions.

Clinical Diagnosis

Diagnosis based on the clinical appearance of lesions, including color, size, shape, and location.

Radiographic Diagnosis

Diagnosis using radiographic images to identify periapical pathology and impacted teeth.

Microscopic Diagnosis

Diagnosis made by evaluating tissue samples microscopically, often through biopsy.

Laboratory Diagnosis

Diagnosis based on laboratory tests, such as blood chemistries and cultures.

Surgical Diagnosis

Diagnosis based on findings from a surgical procedure.

Differential Diagnosis

The process of distinguishing between two or more possible causes of a condition.

Inflammation

The body's protective response to irritation or injury, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

Acute Inflammation

Short-lasting inflammation that begins quickly and lasts less than 2 weeks.

Chronic Inflammation

Long-lasting inflammation that continues beyond 2 weeks.

Oral Lesion

Abnormal tissue in the oral cavity, which can be classified based on its characteristics.

Ulcer

A defect in the mucosa resulting in a crater-like area.

Erosion

A shallow defect in the mucosa caused by mechanical trauma.

Abscess

A localized collection of pus in a circumscribed area.

Cyst

A closed sac lined with epithelium containing fluid or semisolid material.

Blister

A vesicle filled with watery fluid.

Pustule

A blister-like lesion containing pus.

Hematoma

A localized collection of blood.

Macule

A flat pigmented benign spot of different color or texture.

Nodules

Small, round, solid lesions that may be below or slightly elevated from the surface.

Granuloma

A nodule containing granulation tissue, often seen in dentistry.

Tumor

A neoplasm that may be benign or malignant.

Leukoplakia

A white patch in the oral cavity that cannot be identified as any other lesion and may be precancerous.

Lichen Planus

A benign chronic disease affecting skin and oral mucosa, characterized by white lesions.

Candidiasis

A fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, often seen in immunocompromised patients.

Aphthous Ulcers

Recurrent canker sores that can be minor or major in severity.

Cellulitis

Rapidly spreading inflammation through soft tissue, often associated with oral infections.

Glossitis

Inflammation and changes in the topography of the tongue.

Black Hairy Tongue

Elongated filiform papillae that resemble hairs, often due to antibiotic use.

Geographic Tongue

Irregularly shaped areas of desquamation on the tongue resembling a map.

Fissured Tongue

A variant of normal with deep grooves on the tongue's surface.

Macrognathia

A condition of having a large jaw.

Micrognathia

A condition of having a small jaw.

Ameloblastoma

A developmental tumor composed of remnants of the dental lamina.

Anodontia

Hereditary absence of one or more teeth.

Supernumerary Teeth

Extra teeth beyond the normal count, which can be poorly developed.

Dental Fluorosis

Enamel hypoplasia caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during enamel formation.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

A hereditary condition affecting dentin formation, leading to opalescent teeth.

Natal Teeth

Teeth present at birth or within the first 30 days of life.

Bruxism

Involuntary grinding and clenching of teeth, often during sleep.

Meth Mouth

Oral effects of methamphetamine use, including rampant caries and xerostomia.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The most common type of oral cancer, arising from squamous epithelium.

Kaposi Sarcoma

An opportunistic infection in HIV patients, presenting as bluish or reddish lesions.

Hairy Leukoplakia

A white plaque on the tongue, often an early sign of AIDS.

HIV Gingivitis

Bright red line along the gingival margin, associated with HIV.

Oral Cancer Warning Signs

Non-healing sores, lumps, white lesions, and unexplained bleeding in the oral cavity.